Word and Phrase
Rule 1: Was born জন্ম নেওয়া।
চিহ্নঃ gap এর পরে স্থান বা সময়ের উল্লেখ থাকে ।
Example:
- Nazrul ………….in Churculio.
- She ………….in a small village.
- He ……………with a rare talent.
- The baby …………on a chilly morning.
- I ……….in 1971.
- Sara ……….during a stormy night.
NB: উত্তর হবে Was born.
Rule 2: There/ It.
চিহ্নঃ Sentence এর ভিতর স্থান এর উল্লেখ থাকলে there বসে আর না থাকলে it বসে।
Example:
- ………is a book on the table.
- ……… are many stars in the sky.
- ………was a cat sleeping on the porch.
- ……….is raining outside.
- ….. ……is a beautiful garden.
- …… …..feels cold today.
- …… ……was a fun party.
- ………..takes time to learn new things.
Rule 3: Let alone দুরের কথা ।
চিহ্নঃ gap এর আগে ছোট বিষয় থাকে আর পরে বড় বিষয় থাকবে।
- I can’t afford a bike, …………a car.
- He barely knows how to cook,……………bake a cake.
- She doesn’t have time for a walk, ………… a vacation.
- I can’t run a mile, …………… a marathon.
- We don’t have enough food for us, …………… guests.
Rule 4: Lest তা না হলে।
চিহ্নঃ gap এর পরে Subject + should/might+verb1+ extension.
Example:
- Take your umbrella……. you should get wet.
- She studied hard……… she should fail the exam.
- Walk quietly……… you should wake the baby.
- He hurried…….. he should miss the train.
- Lock the door…… someone should try to enter.
Rule 5: It is time/It is high time কোন কাজ করার এখনই সময়।
চিহ্নঃ gap এর পরে Subject + verb 2 + extension থাকবে।
Example:
- ……………………….You changed your bad habit.
- ……………………….You studied a lot.
- ……………………….We went home.
Rule 6: Would you mind তুমি কি মনে কিছু করবে যদি?
চিহ্নঃ gap এর পরে verb 1 + ing এবং sentence এর শেষে ? থাকবে।
Example:
- …………………….. opening the window?
- ……………….. helping me with this task?
- ………………………… borrowing your pen?
- ………………. turning down the volume?
- ………………. waiting here for a moment?
Rule 7: What is it like কেমন হবে ?
চিহ্নঃ gap এর পরে verb 1 + ing এবং sentence এর শেষে ? থাকবে।
Example:
- I live in village. ………………………… living in a big city?
- It is very hard to live in city. …………. working from home?
- Other profession is very hard. …………… being a teacher?
- Travelling together is expensive. ……….. traveling alone?
- I like pet. ………………. owning a pet?
Rule 8: What does it look like দেখতে কেমন ?
চিহ্নঃ দুইটি gap থাকবে এবং sentence এর শেষে ? থাকবে।
Example:
Question: ………… a cat…………?
Answer: A cat has soft fur, pointy ears, whiskers, and a long tail. Its eyes are big, and it walks quietly on four legs.
Question: …………a tree …………..?
Answer: A tree has a brown trunk, green leaves, and branches that spread out. Some trees have flowers or fruit, and they can be tall or short.
Question: ………..the moon ………..?
Answer: The moon is round and white, sometimes glowing in the night sky. It can be full, half, or crescent-shaped.
Question: …………. a house …………?
Answer: A house has walls, windows, a door, and a roof. It can be big or small, with different colors and shapes.
Question: ………….. a butterfly ………….?
Answer: A butterfly has colorful wings with beautiful patterns. It has a small body, two antennae, and it flies gently from flower to flower.
Rule 9: Had better/ would rather বরং।
NB: had better দারা উপদেশ বুঝায় আর would rather দারা দুয়ের মধ্যে পছন্দ বুঝায়।
NB: would rather যুক্ত sentence এর ভিতর than থাকে।
চিহ্নঃ gap এর পরে verb 1 থাকবে।
Example:
- You……… bring an umbrella because it looks like rain.
- He ………… finish his homework before dinner.
- They ………… leave early to catch the bus on time.
- You…………stay home than go to the party tonight.
- She …….read a book than watch TV.
- They ………eat pizza than cook dinner.
Rule 10: Have to/ has to করতে হবে। Had to করতে হয়েছিল।
চিহ্নঃ gap এর পরে verb 1 থাকবে।
Example:
- Tomorrow I have another job. I ……..finish my homework before bed.
- She is a poor girl. She …… wake up early for work tomorrow.
- Tomorrow guests will come .They …… clean the house before guests arrive.
- We ………. wear uniforms at school.
- He ………. take his medicine every day.
Rule 11: am to/ is to/are to করতে হয় ।
চিহ্নঃ gap এর পরে verb 1 থাকবে।
Example:
- I ………..brush my teeth.
- She ……….cook rice.
- They ………go to school.
Rule 12: Used to অতীতে করতাম । অতীত অভ্যাস বুঝায়।
চিহ্নঃ gap এর পরে verb 1 থাকবে।
Example:
- I ……… play soccer every weekend.But I now don’t.
- She ……. live in New York. Now I live in Dhaka.
- We …….. go to the beach every summer. Now I don’t.
- He ……….. wake up early for school. But now I wake up late.
- They ………. have a dog when they were kids. But now I don’t.
Rule 13: It is time to/ It is high ime to কোন কাজ করার এখনি সময় ।
চিহ্নঃ gap এর পরে verb 1 থাকবে ।
Example:
- It is already 10 AM. …….. start the meeting.
- I am very tired. …………. go home and relax.
- It is 10 PM. ………… prepare dinner for the family.
- The guest will come tomorrow. ……….. clean the house before guests arrive.
- We all are tired now. ….. take a break and enjoy the fresh air.
Rule 14: So that/ in order that যাতে।
চিহ্নঃ gap এর পরে Subject+ can/could +verb 1 + extension থাকবে।
Example:
- He works hard ………… she can shine in life.
- She studied hard ………… she could pass the exam.
- We arrived early ………. we could get good seats.
- He saved money …………… he could buy a new car.
Rule 15: So…… that এত ……যে করতে পারি না।
চিহ্নঃ gap এর পরে Subject+ can/could + not +verb 1 + extension থাকবে।
Example:
- The box is so heavy ……..I cannot lift it .
- She is so short ……….she cannot touch the ceiling.
- It was so windy ……….we couldn’t go sailing
Rule 16: As if/ As though অর্থ =যেন ।
since অর্থ =থেকে।
চিহ্ন: Suject+verb1+ ex⇒ As if/As thugh/Since ⇐ Subject+verb2+ex.
চিহ্ন: Suject+verb2+ ex ⇒ As if/As thugh/Since ⇐ Subject+ had+verb3+ex.
Gap এর প্রথম clause present হলে দ্বিতীয় clause past এর হবে আর
Gap এর প্রথম clause past হলে দ্বিতীয় clause past perfect এর হবে।
Example:
- He looks at me …….he knew the secret.
- She ran ……… she had been chased.
- The clouds darkened ……… a storm was coming.
- She smiled ………… nothing had happened.
- He speaks ……….. he were an expert on the topic.
- They acted ……….. they had won the game।
- It is long ……………… we met last.
- It was long ………..I had seen her last.
Rule 17: What if তাহলে কি হবে যদি?
চিহ্নঃ gap এর পরে subject থাকবে এবং sentence এর শেষে ? থাকবে।
Example:
- You will go out . ……………….it rains tomorrow?
- I have taken my keys with me. ………. I forget my keys at home?
- We should walk fast. …………we miss the bus?
- They have generator. ………. the power goes out during the movie?
- You do not use helmet. …………..you have an accident.
Rule 18: Need অর্থ প্রয়োজন হওয়া আর dare অর্থ সাহস করা ।
চিহ্নঃ gap এর পরে verb 1 থাকবে বা to+verb 1 থাকবে।
Example:
- It is raining. You ………..not go out.
- Our boss is not a kind person. I ……………not talk to him.
- I ………to finish my homework before dinner.
- She ………to buy groceries for the week.
- They……… to practice for the upcoming performance.
- I ……….. to try the spiciest dish on the menu.
- She ………. to ask her boss for a raise.
- They ……… to venture into the haunted house at night.
Rule 19:
No sooner had ………than ⇒ তে …না …তে
Scarcely had …………..when ⇒ তে …না …তে
Hardly had ……………..when ⇒ তে …না …তে
NB: এদের প্রথম clause past perfect হয় আর দ্বিতীয় clause past indefinite tense হয়।
চিহ্নঃ Gap এর প্রথম clause এ no sooner বসলে দ্বিতীয় clause এ than বসবে।
আর প্রথম clause এ Scarcely/ Hardly বসবে দ্বিতীয় clause এ when বসবে।
Example:
- ……………had she arrived than it started to rain.
- No sooner had I finished my meal………… the phone rang.
- …………..had they reached station than the train left.
- No sooner had he stepped outside………… he realized he forgot his keys.
- ……………..had the movie started when the power went out.
- Scarcely had he opened the door ………….the dog ran out.
- …………….the sun risen when the birds began to sing.
Rule 20:
Subordinating conjunction থাকলে অর্থ অনুযায়ী বসবে।
List of subordinating conjunctions
As যেহেতু Even if এমন কি যদিও
Since যেহেতু If only শুধু মাত্র যদি
Because কারন Once যদি একবার
As যেভাবে Even though এমন কি যদিও
That যে/ যা/ Though যদিও
In order that যাতে Although যদিও
So that যাতে When যখন
So …that এতো যে Why ক্যানো
Providing that যদি How যেভাবে / কিভাবে
Provided that যদি Where যেখানে
provided যদি Who যে /যারা
If যদি Whom যাকে/ যাদের কে
Unless যদিনা Whose যার /যাদের
Incase যদি Which যা/ যে গুলি
As if যেন What কি/ যা
As though যেন Whoever যে কেউ
As soon as যেই মাত্র Whomever যাকেই
As long as যতক্ষণ পর্যন্ত Whichever যা ই
As much as যত বেসি সম্ভব Whatever যা ই
Than চেয়ে Whenever যখনই
After পরে wherever যেখানে খুসি সেখানে
before আগে while যখন
till পর্যন্ত like জেভাভে
until না পর্যন্ত Whereas অন্যদিকে
lest তা না হলে while অন্যদিকে
whether কি ……না
কাজ চলছে
