Definition of Voice Change
Voice verb এর এমন একটি রুপ যার দ্বারা বুঝা যায় যে Subject কিছু করে বা Object এর কাজ Subject এর উপর এসে পড়ে। সংক্ষেপে Subject কাজ করলে তাকে Active voice বলে আর Subject কাজ গ্রহণ করলে তাকে Passive voice বলে।
Examples of Voice
- Active:The teacher explains the lesson. Subject কাজ করে।
Passive:The lesson is explained by the teacher. Subject কাজ গ্রহণ করে। - Active: They will complete the project soon.Subject কাজ করে।
Passive: The project will be completed soon by them. Subject কাজ গ্রহণ করে। - Active: Samin Anan writes the report every morning.Subject কাজ করে।
- Passive: The report is written by Samin Anan every morning.
- Active: Sara called Tasin Anan during the meeting.Subject কাজ করে।
- Passive: Tasin Anan was called by Sara during the meeting.
- Active: Sirat prepared a working model for the science fair.Subject কাজ করে।
- Passive: A working model was prepared by Sirat for the science fair.
- Active: Sara helped Samin Anan with the assignment.Subject কাজ করে।
- Passive: Samin Anan was helped by Sara with the assignment.
- Active: Sirat teaches Tasin Anan mathematics on weekends.Subject কাজ করে।
- Passive: Tasin Anan is taught mathematics by Sirat on weekends.
Active Voice (সক্রিয় বাচ্য)
Definition: Subject কাজ করলে তাকে Active voice বলে ।
Example:
- Active: Shara is writing a novel. Subject কাজ করে।
- Active: Someone stole my phone yesterday. Subject কাজ করে।
- Active: They have invited me to the party. Subject কাজ করে।
Passive Voice (নিষ্ক্রিয় বাচ্য)
Definition: Subject কাজ গ্রহণ করলে তাকে Passive voice বলে।
Example:
Passive: My phone was stolen yesterday. Subject কাজ গ্রহণ করে।
Passive: I have been invited to the party by them. Subject কাজ গ্রহণ করে।
তিনটি Sentence এর Voice করা যায়।
- Assertive Sentence-এর Voice পরিবর্তন করা যায়। :Assertive Sentence হলো সাধারণ বিব্রিতি বা বর্ণনা মূলক বাক্য যা কোনো ঘটনা বা তথ্য বর্ণনা করে। Samin Anan writes a poem.
- Interrogative Sentence-এর Voice পরিবর্তন করা যায়।: Interrogative Sentence হলো প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্য যা কোনো তথ্য জানতে বা প্রশ্ন করতে ব্যবহার করা হয়।Did she complete the work?
- Imperative Sentence-এর Voice পরিবর্তন করা যায়। Imperative Sentence হলো আদেশ, অনুরোধ বা উপদেশমূলক বাক্য। Come here.
Assertive Sentence এর Voice করার নিয়ম Step by Step।
- প্রথমে – Object কে Subject করতে হবে।
- দ্বিতীয়ত -Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসাতে হবে।
- তৃতীয়ত- Verb এর Verb³ বা Past Participle Form বসাতে হবে।
- চতুর্থ- By বসাতে হবে।
- পঞ্ছম-Subject কে Object করতে হবে।
Rule 1: প্রথমে – Object কে Subject করতে হবে।
প্রথম ধাপে, Active Voice-এর Object কে Passive Voice-এর Subject বানাতে হবে।
Example:
- Active: She sings a song. (সে একটি গান গায়।)
- Passive: A song is sung by her. (একটি গান তার দ্বারা গাওয়া হয়।)
এখানে Active Sentence-এর Object “a song” Passive Sentence-এ Subject হয়েছে।
| Objective Case কে | Subjective Case করতে হবে। |
|---|---|
| me | I |
| us | we |
| you | you |
| him | he |
| her | she |
| it | it |
| them | they |
| whom | who |
Rule 2: দ্বিতীয়ত – Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসাতে হবে।
Present Simple/Indefinite
- Active Voice : Subject + V¹ + Object
- Passive Voice : Subject + am / is / are + V³ + by + Object
Present Continuous
- Active Voice : Subject + am / is / are + V¹ing + Object
- Passive Voice : Subject + am / is / are + being + V³ + by + Object
Present Perfect
- Active Voice : Subject + have অথবা has + Verb ³/past participle + Object
- Passive Voice : Subject + have / has + been + V³ + by + Object
Past Simple/Indefinite
Active Voice: Subject + V² + Object
Passive Voice : Subject + was / were + V³ + by + Object
Past Continuous
Active Voice : Subject + was / were + V¹ing + Object
Passive Voice : Subject + was / were + being + V³ + by + Object
Past Perfect
Active Voice: Subject + had + V³ + Object
Passive Voice : Subject + had + been + V³ + by + Object
Future Simple/Indefinite
Active Voice : Subject + will / shall + V¹ + Object
Passive Voice: Subject + will / shall + be + V³ + by + Object
Future Continuous
Active Voice : Subject + will / shall +be+ V¹-ing + Object
Passive Voice: Subject + will / shall + be+being + V³ + by + Object
Future Perfect
Active Voice : Subject + will / shall + have + V³ + Object
Passive Voice : Subject + will / shall + have + been + V³ + by + Object
Modal Auxiliary Verb এর Voice
Active Voice : Subject + modal auxiliary + V1 + Object
Passive Voice : Subject + modal auxiliay+be + V³ + by + Object
V¹ = Base Form • V² = Past Tense • V³ = Past Participle
Modal Auxiliary= Can/could/shall/should/will/would/may/might/must/ought to/used to/be going to/
মনে রেখোঃ উপরের প্রতিটি Tenseএর গঠন ভালো ভাবে মুখস্ত করতে হবে।
Rule 3: তৃতীয়ত – Verb এর Verb³ বা Past Participle Form বসাতে হবে।
Active Voice থেকে Passive Voice-এ পরিবর্তন করার সময় মূল ক্রিয়াটি সবসময় Past Participle (V³) form-এ হবে। Passive Voice-এ কাজটি কে করেছে তার চেয়ে কাজটির উপর বেশি গুরুত্ব দেওয়া হয়, তাই verb-টি V³ form হয়।
Example
- Active: Samin Anan buys a new car.
- Passive: A new car is bought by Samin Anan. (buy কে bought করা হয়েছে।)
Some Common Verb Forms
Base Form (V1) Past Form (V2) Past Participle (V3)
- Write Wrote Written
- Make Made Made
- Eat Ate Eaten
- Take Took Taken
Rule 4: চতুর্থ – “By” বসাতে হবে।
“By” বসিয়ে Subject-কে Object বানাতে হয়, যদি এটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ হয়।
Example:
- Active: Salim Sir teaches the students.
- Passive: The students are taught by Salim sir.
Exception: যখন কর্তা (Subject) অজানা, সাধারণ বা অপ্রয়োজনীয়, তখন “by + subject” ব্যবহার না করলেও চলে।
Example:
- Active: Someone stole my phone.
- Passive: My phone was stolen. (“by someone” ব্যবহার হয়নি।)
Rule 5: পঞ্চম – Subject কে Object করতে হবে।
Active Voice-এর Subject-কে Passive Voice-এর Object বানাতে হবে।
Example:
- Active: The boy kicked the ball.
- Passive: The ball was kicked by the boy.
এখানে “the boy” (Active-এর Subject) Passive-এ “by the boy” (Object) হয়েছে।
| Subjective Case | Objective Case |
|---|---|
| I | me |
| we | us |
| you | you |
| he | him |
| she | her |
| it | it |
| they | them |
| who | whom |
Example:
Active: She helps the poor.
Passive: The poor are helped by her.
এখানে Present Simple Tense-এর Auxiliary Verb “is/are” ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে।
Final Summary with Example:
- Active: Samin and Sara cooked a delicious meal.
- Passive: A delicious meal was cooked by Samin and Sara.
Step-by-Step Analysis:
- Object → Subject: “A delicious meal” (Object) Passive-এর Subject হলো।
- Auxiliary Verb: Past Simple Tense হওয়ায় “was” ব্যবহার হলো।
- Verb³: “Cooked” (cook এর Past Participle) বসানো হয়েছে।
- “By” বসানো: “By the chef” যুক্ত হলো।
- Subject → Object: “The chef” (Subject) Passive-এ Object হলো।
Conclusion:
- Object → Subject হবে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb হবে।
- Verb-এর Past Participle (V³) হবে।
- “By + Subject” বসবে, যদি দরকার হয়।
- Subject → Object হবে।
এখন আপনি সহজেই Active থেকে Passive করতে পারবেন!
Assertive Sentence এর Voice Change
Rule(1) 9 tense এর active থেকে Passive।
Present Simple / Indefinite Tense
- Active: Samin reads a storybook every night.
- Passive: A storybook is read every night by Samin.
Present Continuous Tense
- Active: Anan is watching a movie now.
- Passive: A movie is being watched now by Anan.
Present Perfect Tense
- Active: Sara has completed her homework.
- Passive: Her homework has been completed by Sara.
Past Simple / Indefinite Tense
- Active: Sunzida approved the new policy.
- Passive: The new policy was approved by Sunzida.
Past Continuous Tense
- Active: Samin and Anan were discussing the topic.
- Passive: The topic was being discussed by Samin and Anan.
Past Perfect Tense
- Active: Sara had finished the book before sunset.
- Passive: The book had been finished before sunset by Sara.
Future Simple / Indefinite Tense
- Active: Sunzida and Samin will build a new house next year.
- Passive: A new house will be built by Sunzida and Samin next year.
Future Continuous Tense (Passive form rarely used)
- Active: Samin will be delivering a speech at the event.
- Passive (Uncommon): A speech will be being delivered at the event by Samin.
Future Perfect Tense
- Active: The engineers will have completed the bridge by December.
- Passive: The bridge will have been completed by the engineers by December.
Rule(2) Modal Auxiliary Verbs এর active থেকে Passive।
গঠন Active: Subj+ modal auxiliary+verb1+obj
গঠন Passive: Subj+ modal auxiliary+be+verb3+by+obj
Can
- Active: Salim Khan can solve the problem.
- Passive: The problem can be solved by Salim Khan.
Could
- Active: Samin Anan could finish the work yesterday.
- Passive: The work could be finished by Samin Anan yesterday.
Shall
- Active: Sara shall complete the project tomorrow.
- Passive: The project shall be completed by Sara tomorrow.
Should
- Active: Sunzida should follow the rules.
- Passive: The rules should be followed by Sunzida.
Will
- Active: Salim Khan will write a letter.
- Passive: A letter will be written by Salim Khan.
Would
- Active: Samin Anan would help Sara.
- Passive: Sara would be helped by Samin Anan.
May
- Active: Sara may invite Sunzida to the party.
- Passive: Sunzida may be invited to the party by Sara.
Might
- Active: Sunzida might complete the task.
- Passive: The task might be completed by Sunzida.
Must
- Active: Salim Khan must finish the assignment today.
- Passive: The assignment must be finished by Salim Khan today.
Ought to
- Active: Samin Anan ought to respect Sara.
- Passive: Sara ought to be respected by Samin Anan.
Used to
- Active: Sara used to teach Sunzida English.
- Passive: Sunzida used to be taught English by Sara.
Be going to
- Active: Sunzida is going to prepare the report.
- Passive: The report is going to be prepared by Sunzida.
Rule(3)দুইটি object থাকলে যে কোনো একটি object কে Subject করতে হবে বাকি Object টি কে verb³ এর পরে আর by এর আগে বসাতে হাবে।
Active: Salim Khan gave Sara a gift.
Passive (Object 1 as Subject): Sara was given a gift by Salim Khan.
Passive (Object 2 as Subject): A gift was given Sara by Salim Khan.
Active: Sara sent Sunzida a message.
Passive (Object 1 as Subject): Sunzida was sent a message by Sara.
Passive (Object 2 as Subject): A message was sent Sunzida by Sara.
Active: Samin Anan taught Sara English grammar.
Passive (Object 1 as Subject): Sara was taught English grammar by Samin Anan.
Passive (Object 2 as Subject): English grammar was taught Sara by Samin Anan.
Active: Sunzida offered Salim Khan some help.
Passive (Object 1 as Subject): Salim Khan was offered some help by Sunzida.
Passive (Object 2 as Subject): Some help was offered Salim Khan by Sunzida.
Active: Salim Khan showed Samin Anan the new project.
Passive (Object 1 as Subject): Samin Anan was shown the new project by Salim Khan.
Passive (Object 2 as Subject): The new project was shown Samin Anan by Salim Khan.
Rule(4) Object এর পরের অতিরিক্ত অংশ verb³ এর পরে আর by এর আগে বসাতে হবে।
Present Participle Phrase (V¹+ing)
Active: The teacher found the student solving a difficult problem.
Passive: The student was found solving a difficult problem by the teacher.
Active: She noticed the baby crying in the crib.
Passive: The baby was noticed crying in the crib by her.
Active: They heard the singer performing a beautiful song.
Passive: The singer was heard performing a beautiful song by them.
Past Participle Phrase (V³)
Active: The manager kept the documents locked in the drawer.
Passive: The documents were kept locked in the drawer by the manager.
Active: The workers left the machines damaged after the accident.
Passive: The machines were left damaged after the accident by the workers.
Active: The teacher and the students found the answer written on the board.
Passive: The answer was found written on the board by the teacher and the students.
Infinitive Phrase (to+V¹)
Active: The parents wanted their child to succeed in life.
Passive: The child was wanted to succeed in life by the parents.
Active: The teacher advised the students to practice grammar daily.
Passive: The students were advised to practice grammar daily by the teacher.
Active: The doctor told the patient to take medicine on time.
Passive: The patient was told to take medicine on time by the doctor.
Active: The company expected the employees to complete the project soon.
Passive: The employees were expected to complete the project soon by the company.
Prepositional Phrase (Preposition + Noun)
Active: The principal rewarded the boy for his honesty.
Passive: The boy was rewarded for his honesty by the principal.
Active: They furnished the house with elegant furniture.
Passive: The house was furnished with elegant furniture by them.
Active: The company awarded him with a gold medal.
Passive: He was awarded with a gold medal by the company.
Active: They filled the bottle with fresh water.
Passive: The bottle was filled with fresh water by them.
Active: Salim Khan provided the employees with new laptops.
Passive: The employees were provided with new laptops by Salim Khan.
Active: She covered the table with a white cloth.
Passive: The table was covered with a white cloth by her.
Active: The artist painted the wall with bright colors.
Passive: The wall was painted with bright colors by the artist.
Rule(5)
কিছু কিছু Verbs আছে যাদের পরে by না বসে ভিন্ন Prepositions বসে।
Please (খুশি করা) বাক্তি= with /বস্তু=at
Active: The news pleased the children.
Passive: The children were pleased at the news.
Displease (অসন্তুষ্ট করা)বাক্তি= with /বস্তু=at
Active: His rude behavior displeased the guests.
Passive: The guests were displeased at his rude behavior.
Satisfy (সন্তুষ্ট করা)বাক্তি= with /বস্তু=at
Active: The teacher’s explanation satisfied the students.
Passive: The students were satisfied at the teacher’s explanation.
Dissatisfy (অসন্তুষ্ট করা)বাক্তি= with /বস্তু=at
Active: The poor service dissatisfied the customers.
Passive: The customers were dissatisfied at the poor service.
Fill (ভরাট করা)বাক্তি= with
Active: She filled the bottle with water.
Passive: The bottle was filled with water by her.
Contain (ধারণ করা/রাখা)=in
Active: The book contains useful information.
Passive: Useful information is contained in the book.
Worry (চিন্তিত করা)=about
Active: The bad news worried the parents.
Passive: The parents were worried about the bad news.
Scare (ভয় দেখানো/ভীত করা)=of
Active: The horror movie scared the children.
Passive: The children were scared of the horror movie.
Marvel (অবাক হওয়া/মুগ্ধ হওয়া)=at
Active: The audience marveled at the magician’s tricks.
Passive: The magician’s tricks were marveled at by the audience.
Rule(6)
Quasi Passive verb এর voice change
Active গঠন: Subj+ quasi passive verb+ adjecive.
Passive গঠন : Subj+am/is/are+v³+adjective.
- Active: This book sells well. (এই বইটি ভালো বিক্রি হয়।)
- Passive: This book is sold well. (এই বইটি ভালোভাবে বিক্রি হয়।)
- Active: The dress washes easily. (পোশাকটি সহজেই ধোয়া যায়।)
- Passive: The dress is washed easily. (পোশাকটি সহজে ধুয়ে ফেলা হয়।)
- Active: The food tastes delicious. (খাবারটি সুস্বাদু লাগে।)
- Passive: The food is tasted delicious. (খাবারটি সুস্বাদু মনে হয়।)
- Active: The house rents quickly. (বাড়িটি দ্রুত ভাড়া হয়।)
- Passive: The house is rented quickly. (বাড়িটি দ্রুত ভাড়া নেওয়া হয়।)
- Active: The pen writes smoothly.(কলমটি মসৃণভাবে লেখে।)
- Passive: The pen is written smoothly. (কলমটি মসৃণভাবে ব্যবহার করা হয়।)
- Active: The door locks from the inside. (দরজাটি ভেতর থেকে লক হয়।)
- Passive: The door is locked from the outside. (দরজাটি বাইরের থেকে তালাবদ্ধ করা হয়।)
- Active: The glass breaks easily. (গ্লাসটি সহজেই ভেঙে যায়।)
- Passive: The glass is broken easily. (গ্লাসটি সহজেই ভাঙা হয়।)
Rule(7)
Reflexive verb এর voice change
Active গঠন: Subj+v+ Reflexive Pronoun .
Passive গঠন : Subj+auxiliary+v³+by+ Reflexive Pronoun .
Reflexive Pronoun এর Voice Change করতে Subject ও Object এর কনো পরিবর্তন হয় না।
Using “Myself” (নিজেকে)
- Active: I hurt myself while playing football.
- Passive: I was hurt by myself while playing football.
Using “Yourself” (নিজেকে)
- Active: You introduced yourself to the new teacher.
- Passive: You were introduced by yourself to the new teacher.
Using “Himself” (নিজেকে – পুরুষ)
- Active: He blamed himself for the mistake.
- Passive: He was blamed by himself for the mistake.
Using “Herself” (নিজেকে – মহিলা)
- Active: She prepared herself for the exam.
- Passive: She was prepared by herself for the exam.
Using “Itself” (নিজেই – প্রাণী/বস্তু)
- Active: The cat licked itself clean.
- Passive: The cat was licked clean by itself.
Using “Ourselves” (নিজেদের)
- Active: We taught ourselves French.
- Passive: We were taught French by ourselves.
Using “Yourselves” (নিজেদের – তোমরা)
- Active: You can train yourselves to be more disciplined.
- Passive: You can be trained by yourselves to be more disciplined.
Using “Themselves” (নিজেদের – তারা)
- Active: They protected themselves from the storm.
- Passive: They were protected by themselves from the storm.
- Passive: The new phone is sold fast. (নতুন ফোনটি দ্রুত বিক্রি করা হয়।)
- Active: The cake cuts well. (কেকটি ভালোভাবে কাটা যায়।)
- Passive: The cake is cut well. (কেকটি সুন্দরভাবে কাটা হয়।)
- Active: The fabric feels soft. (কাপড়টি নরম মনে হয়।)
- Passive: The fabric is felt soft. (কাপড়টি নরম অনুভূত হয়।)
Rule(8)
যখন কনো Active voice এর শেষের দিকে bare infinitive(to ছাড়া verb¹) থাকে তখন উক্ত verb এর সাথে to যুক্ত করে v³ এর পরে আর by এর আগে বসাতে হবে।
Active গঠন: Subj+v+obj+ bare infinitive .
Passive গঠন : Subj+auxiliary+v³+ infinitive +by+ Reflexive Pronoun .
See (দেখা)
- Active: We saw him leave the room. আমরা তাকে ঘর ছাড়তে দেখেছিলাম।
- Passive: He was seen to leave the room by us.তাকে আমাদের দ্বারা ঘর ছাড়তে দেখা হয়েছিল।
Make (বাধ্য করা)
- Active: They made her apologize.তারা তাকে ক্ষমা চাইতে বাধ্য করেছিল।
- Passive: She was made to apologize by them. তাকে তাদের দ্বারা ক্ষমা চাইতে বাধ্য করা হয়েছিল।
Let (অনুমতি দেওয়া)
- Active: The teacher let the students go early. শিক্ষক ছাত্রদের আগে চলে যেতে অনুমতি দিয়েছিলেন।
- Passive: The students were let to go early by the teacher. ছাত্রদের শিক্ষক দ্বারা আগে চলে যেতে অনুমতি দেওয়া হয়েছিল।
Hear (শোনা)
- Active: I heard them sing a song. আমি তাদের গান গাইতে শুনেছিলাম।
- Passive: They were heard to sing a song by me.তাদের আমার দ্বারা গান গাইতে শোনা হয়েছিল।
Feel (অনুভব করা)
- Active: She felt the ground shake. সে মাটিকে কাঁপতে অনুভব করেছিল।
- Passive: The ground was felt to shake by her. মাটিকে তার দ্বারা কাঁপতে অনুভব করা হয়েছিল।
Watch (পর্যবেক্ষণ করা)
- Active: We watched him play football. আমরা তাকে ফুটবল খেলতে দেখেছিলাম।
- Passive: He was watched to play football by us. তাকে আমাদের দ্বারা ফুটবল খেলতে দেখা হয়েছিল।
Help (সহায়তা করা)
- Active: They helped me finish the work. তারা আমাকে কাজ শেষ করতে সাহায্য করেছিল।
- Passive: I was helped to finish the work by them. আমাকে তাদের দ্বারা কাজ শেষ করতে সাহায্য করা হয়েছিল।
Notice (লক্ষ্য করা)
- Active: He noticed the thief escape. সে চোরকে পালিয়ে যেতে লক্ষ্য করেছিল।
- Passive: The thief was noticed to escape by him. চোরকে তার দ্বারা পালিয়ে যেতে লক্ষ্য করা হয়েছিল।
Make (বাধ্য করা)
- Active: The boss made the workers work late.
বস শ্রমিকদের দেরি করে কাজ করতে বাধ্য করেছিল। - Passive: The workers were made to work late by the boss. শ্রমিকদের বস দ্বারা দেরি করে কাজ করতে বাধ্য করা হয়েছিল।
Observe (পর্যবেক্ষণ করা)
- Active: I observed him cross the street.আমি তাকে রাস্তা পার হতে পর্যবেক্ষণ করেছিলাম।
- Passive: He was observed to cross the street by me. তাকে আমার দ্বারা রাস্তা পার হতে পর্যবেক্ষণ করা হয়েছিল।
মোনে রেখো: “see, hear, watch, make, feel, help, notice, observe, let” এর পরে→ bare infinitive (without “to”). বসে।
Interrogative Sentence এর Voice Change
Rule(1) প্রথমে Interrogative Sentence কে Assertive Sentence করতে হবে।
অর্থাৎ, প্রশ্নবোধক (Interrogative) বাক্যটিকে প্রথমে বিবৃতিমূলক (Assertive) বাক্যে রূপান্তর করতে হবে।
Example:
- Active: Did he complete the project? (সে কি প্রকল্পটি সম্পন্ন করেছিল?)
- Assertive: He completed the project. (সে প্রকল্পটি সম্পন্ন করেছিল।)
Rule(2)উক্ত Assertive Sentence কে Passive করতে হবে।
Assertive বাক্যটিকে নিয়ম মেনে Passive Voice-এ পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।
Example:
- Active Assertive: He completed the project.
- Passive Assertive: The project was completed by him. (প্রকল্পটি তার দ্বারা সম্পন্ন হয়েছিল।)
Rule(3) উক্ত Passive বাক্যকে আবার Interrogative করতে হবে।
Passive Assertive বাক্যকে আবার Interrogative Sentence-এ রূপান্তর করতে হবে।
Example:
- Passive Assertive: The project was completed by him.
- Passive Interrogative: Was the project completed by him? (প্রকল্পটি কি তার দ্বারা সম্পন্ন হয়েছিল?)
Rule(4)এর পরে মাঝের দুই লাইন কেটে দিব।
অর্থাৎ, Assertive Sentence-এর স্টেপগুলিকে বাদ দিয়ে শুধু প্রশ্নবোধক Passive Sentence-টি ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
Final Answer:
Passive: Was the project completed by him?
উপরের নিয়ম কঠিন মনে হলে নিচের নিয়ম অনুস্মরণ করো।
মোনে রেখোঃ তোমরা Assertive Sentence কে যে ভাবে Passive voice করেছো ঐ একই ভাবে Interrogative Sentence কে Passive Voice করবে। তার পর একটা মাত্র কাজ করবে সেটা হলো শুধু মাত্র Passive Voice এর auxiliary verb কে Subject এর আগে বসালে হয়ে গেলো।
যেমনঃ
Active: Does Samin love Sara?
Passive: Sara is loved by Samin. এটা assertive নিয়ম।
Passive: Is Sara loved by Samin? এখানে শুধু মাত্র Is কে subject এর শুরুতে বসানো হয়েছে।
নিচের Example বেশি বেশি অনুশীলন করো।
Present Simple
- Active: Does she make tea?
- Step 1 (Assertive Passive): Tea is made by her.
Step 2 (Interrogative Passive): Is tea made by her?
Present Continuous
- Active: Is he reading a book?
- Step 1 (Assertive Passive): A book is being read by him.
Step 2 (Interrogative Passive): Is a book being read by him?
Present Perfect
- Active: Have they completed the task?
- Step 1 (Assertive Passive): The task has been completed by them.
Step 2 (Interrogative Passive): Has the task been completed by them?
Past Simple
- Active: Did he complete the project?
- Step 1 (Assertive Passive): The project was completed by him.
Step 2 (Interrogative Passive): Was the project completed by him?
Past Continuous
- Active: Was she watching TV?
- Step 1 (Assertive Passive): TV was being watched by her.
Step 2 (Interrogative Passive): Was TV being watched by her?
Past Perfect
- Active: Had they finished the work?
- Step 1 (Assertive Passive): The work had been finished by them.
Step 2 (Interrogative Passive): Had the work been finished by them?
Future Simple
- Active: Will she write a story?
- Step 1 (Assertive Passive): A story will be written by her.
Step 2 (Interrogative Passive): Will a story be written by her?
Future Perfect
- Active: Will he have completed the exam?
- Step 1 (Assertive Passive): The exam will have been completed by him.
Step 2 (Interrogative Passive): Will the exam have been completed by him?
Modal (Can)
- Active: Can you solve the problem?
- Step 1 (Assertive Passive): The problem can be solved by you.
Step 2 (Interrogative Passive): Can the problem be solved by you?
More Example:
- Present Simple Tense
Structure:
Active: Do/Does + Subject + V1 + Object + ?
Passive: Am/Is/Are + Object + V3 + by + Subject + ?
- Active: Do they complete the project?
- Assertive Passive: The project is completed by them.
- Interrogative Passive: Is the project completed by them?
Explanation: According to the tense, take the auxiliary verb, make the object → subject, use V3, and change the subject → object with by.
- Present Continuous Tense
Structure:
Active: Am/Is/Are + Subject + V1+ing + Object + ?
Passive: Am/Is/Are + Object + Being + V3 + by + Subject + ?
- Active: Is she writing a letter?
- Assertive Passive: A letter is being written by her.
- Interrogative Passive: Is a letter being written by her?
Explanation: According to the tense, use is/am/are + being, then make object → subject, add V3, and change subject → object with by.
- Present Perfect Tense
Structure:
Active: Has/Have + Subject + V3 + Object + ?
Passive: Has/Have + Object + Been + V3 + by + Subject + ?
- Active: Have they finished the work?
- Assertive Passive: The work has been finished by them.
- Interrogative Passive: Has the work been finished by them?
Explanation: According to the tense, use has/have been, then make object → subject, add V3, and change subject → object with by.
- Past Simple Tense
Structure:
Active: Did + Subject + V1 + Object + ?
Passive: Was/Were + Object + V3 + by + Subject + ?
- Active: Did he complete the assignment?
- Assertive Passive: The assignment was completed by him.
- Interrogative Passive: Was the assignment completed by him?
Explanation: According to the tense, use was/were, then make object → subject, add V3, and change subject → object with by.
- Past Continuous Tense
Structure:
Active: Was/Were + Subject + V1+ing + Object + ?
Passive: Was/Were + Object + Being + V3 + by + Subject + ?
- Active: Was she watching the movie?
- Assertive Passive: The movie was being watched by her.
- Interrogative Passive: Was the movie being watched by her?
Explanation: According to the tense, use was/were being, then make object → subject, add V3, and change subject → object with by.
- Past Perfect Tense
Structure:
Active: Had + Subject + V3 + Object + ?
Passive: Had + Object + Been + V3 + by + Subject + ?
- Active: Had they repaired the car?
- Assertive Passive: The car had been repaired by them.
- Interrogative Passive: Had the car been repaired by them?
Explanation: According to the tense, use had been, then make object → subject, add V3, and change subject → object with by.
- Future Simple Tense
Structure:
Active: Will + Subject + V1 + Object + ?
Passive: Will + Object + Be + V3 + by + Subject + ?
- Active: Will he complete the task?
- Assertive Passive: The task will be completed by him.
- Interrogative Passive: Will the task be completed by him?
Explanation: According to the tense, use will be, then make object → subject, add V3, and change subject → object with by.
- Future Perfect Tense
Structure:
Active: Will + Subject + Have + V3 + Object + ?
Passive: Will + Object + Have + Been + V3 + by + Subject + ?
- Active: Will she have written the report?
- Assertive Passive: The report will have been written by her.
- Interrogative Passive: Will the report have been written by her?
Explanation: According to the tense, use will have been, then make object → subject, add V3, and change subject → object with by.
- Modal Verb (Can)
Structure:
Active: Can + Subject + V1 + Object + ?
Passive: Can + Object + Be + V3 + by + Subject + ?
- Active: Can they solve the problem?
- Assertive Passive: The problem can be solved by them.
- Interrogative Passive: Can the problem be solved by them?
Explanation: According to the tense, use modal + be, then make object → subject, add V3, and change subject → object with by.
Who এর Voice Change
গঠনঃ By whom +auxiliary verb + Object + V3 + ?
Structure: (Present Simple/Indefinite)
Active গঠন : Who + V1 + Object + ?
Passiveগঠন: By whom + am/is/are + Object + V3 + ?
Example:
- Active : Who teaches English?
- Passive: By whom is English taught?
Structure: (Past Simple/Indefinite)
Activeগঠন: Who + V2 + Object + ?
Passiveগঠন: By whom + was/were + Object + V3 + ?
Example:
- Active: Who wrote this book?
- Passive: By whom was this book written?
Structure: (Present Continuous)
Activeগঠন: Who + is/am/are + V1+ing + Object + ?
Passiveগঠন: To whom + is/am/are + Object + being + V3 + ?
Example:
- Active: Who is giving you advice?
- Passive: To whom is advice being given?
Structure: “Who” → “To whom” (Present Perfect)
Activeগঠন: Who + has/have + V3 + Object + ?
Passiveগঠন: To whom + has/have + Object + been + V3 + ?
Example:
- Active: Who has sent you the email?
- Passive: To whom has the email been sent?
Structure: “Who” → “With whom” (Future Simple)
Activeগঠন: Who + will + V1 + Object + with?
Passiveগঠন: With whom + will + Object + be + V3 + ?
Example:
- Active: Who will play football with you?
- Passive: With whom will football be played?
Whom এর Voice Change
গঠনঃ Who + auxiliary verb + V3 +by+obj ?
“Whom” → “Who” (Present Simple/Indefinite Tense)
Structure:
Activeগঠন: Whom + do/does + Subject + V1 + ?
Passiveগঠন: Who + am/is/are + V3 +by+obj ?
Example:
- Active: Whom does she respect?
- Passive: Who is respected by her?
“Whom” → “Who” (Past Simple/IndefiniteTense)
Structure:
Activeগঠন: Whom + did + Subject + V1 + ?
Passiveগঠন: Who + was/were + V3 + ?
Example:
- Active: Whom did they punish?
- Passive: Who was punished by them?
“Whom” → “Who” (Present Continuous Tense)
Structure:
Activeগঠন: Whom + is/am/are + Subject + V1+ing + ?
Passiveগঠন: Who + is/am/are + being + V3 + ?
Example:
- Active: Whom is she teaching?
- Passive: Who is being taught by her?
“Whom” → “Who” (Present Perfect Tense)
Structure:
Activeগঠন: Whom + has/have + Subject + V3 + ?
Passiveগঠন: Who + has/have + been + V3 + ?
Example:
- Active: Whom has he helped?
- Passive: Who has been helped by him?
“Whom” → “Who” (Future Simple Tense)
Structure:
Activeগঠন: Whom + will + Subject + V1 + ?
Passiveগঠন: Who + will + be + V3 + ?
Example:
- Active: Whom will they select?
- Passive: Who will be selected by them?
“When,” “Why,” “How,” and “Where” এর Voice Change
“When” (Past Simple Tense)
Structure:
Activeগঠন: When + did + Subject + V1 + Object + ?
Passiveগঠন: When + was/were + Object + V3 + by + Subject + ?
Example:
- Active: When did they complete the project?
- Passive: When was the project completed by them?
“Why” (Present Simple Tense)
Structure:
Activeগঠন: Why + do/does + Subject + V1 + Object + ?
Passiveগঠন: Why + is/am/are + Object + V3 + by + Subject + ?
Example:
- Active: Why does she ignore me?
- Passive: Why am I ignored by her?
“How” (Present Continuous Tense)
Structure:
Activeগঠন: How + is/am/are + Subject + V1+ing + Object + ?
Passiveগঠন: How + is/am/are + Object + being + V3 + by + Subject + ?
Example:
- Active: How is he solving the problem?
- Passive: How is the problem being solved by him?
“Where” (Future Simple Tense)
Structure:
Activeগঠন: Where + will + Subject + V1 + Object + ?
Passiveগঠন: Where + will + Object + be + V3 + by + Subject + ?
Example:
- Active: Where will they hold the meeting?
- Passive: Where will the meeting be held by them?
Imperative Sentence-এর Active থেকে Passive করার সহজ নিয়ম
Imperative sentence মানে আদেশ, অনুরোধ, উপদেশ, নিষেধ বা প্রস্তাব বোঝায়।
যেমন –
- Close the door. (আদেশ)
- Please help me. (অনুরোধ)
- Never tell a lie. (উপদেশ)
এগুলোকে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তর করার জন্য কিছু নিয়ম অনুসরণ করতে হবে।
Rule 1: Verb¹ + একটি Object এর voice change
Activeগঠন: Verb¹ + একটি Object.
Passiveগঠন: Let + Object + be + V3.
Example:
- Active: Open the door.
- Passive: Let the door be opened.
- Active: Finish the work.
- Passive: Let the work be finished.
Rule 2: Verb¹ + দুইটি Object এর voice change
Activeগঠন: Verb¹+ Object¹+object².
Passiveগঠন: Let + Object² + be + V3+for +object¹.
Example:
- Active: Give me a book.
- Passive: Let a book² be given for me¹.
Rule 3: Don’t/Never + Verb¹+একটি Object এর voice change
Activeগঠন: Don’t + V1 + Object.
Passiveগঠন: Let+obj+not+be+v³.
Passiveগঠন: Object + should not be + V3.
Example:
- Active: Don’t touch the wire.
- Passive: Let the wire not be touched.
- Passive: The wire should not be touched.
- Active: Never waste time.
- Passive: Let time never be wasted.
- Passive: Time should not be wasted.
Rule 4: Let+obj¹ + V1 + Object²এর voice change
Activeগঠন: Let+obj¹ + V1 + Object².
Passiveগঠন: Let + Object² + be + V3+by+obj¹.
Example:
- Active: Let us play cricket.
- Passive: Let cricket be played by us.
- Active: Let us arrange a meeting.
- Passive: Let a meeting be arranged by us.
Rule 5: Please/Kindly + V1 + Object এর voice change
Activeগঠন: Please/Kindly + V1 + Object.
Passiveগঠন: You are requested to + V1 + Object.
Example:
- Active: Please help me.
- Passive: You are requested to help me.
- Active: Kindly keep silent.
- Passive: You are requested to keep silent.
Rule 6: Always/Never + V1 + Object এর voice change
Activeগঠন: Always/Never + V1 + Object.
Passiveগঠন: Let+obj+always/never+be+v³.
Passiveগঠন: Object + should (not) be + V3.
Example:
- Active: Always speak the truth.
- Passive: Let the truth always be spoken.
- Passive: The truth should always be spoken.
- Active: Never tell a lie.
- Passive: Let a lie never be told.
- Passive: A lie should never be told.