Transformation of Sentence অর্থগত দিক
সংজ্ঞা: Transformation of Sentence বলতে বোঝায় একটি বাক্যকে অন্য গঠনে পরিবর্তন করা, তবে এর অর্থে কোনো পরিবর্তন না আনা। অর্থাৎ, বাক্যের অর্থ অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে, কিন্তু এর কাঠামো বা রূপ পরিবর্তিত হবে।
Examples:
Affirmative: I shall honour you.
Negative: I shall not dishonour you.
🔹 বাংলা: আমি তোমাকে সম্মান করব। / আমি তোমাকে অসম্মান করব না।Affirmative: Samin is an honest girl.
Negative: Samin is not a dishonest girl.
🔹 বাংলা: সামিন একজন সৎ মেয়ে। / সামিন একজন অসৎ মেয়ে নয়।Affirmative: He is always punctual.
Negative: He is never unpunctual.
🔹 বাংলা: সে সবসময় সময়নিষ্ঠ। / সে কখনোই অসময়নিষ্ঠ নয়।
Affirmative: She is very honest.
Negative: She is not dishonest.
🔹 বাংলা: সে খুব সৎ। / সে অসৎ নয়।Affirmative: She obeys her parents.
Negative: She does not disobey her parents.
🔹 বাংলা: সে তার বাবা-মায়ের কথা মানে। / সে তার বাবা-মায়ের কথা অমান্য করে না।
Affirmative: He always speaks the truth.
Negative: He never tells a lie.
🔹 বাংলা: সে সবসময় সত্য বলে। / সে কখনোই মিথ্যা বলে না।
Affirmative: They are happy with the result.
Negative: They are not unhappy with the result.
🔹 বাংলা: তারা ফলাফল নিয়ে খুশি। / তারা ফলাফল নিয়ে অখুশি নয়।
Affirmative: We accepted the invitation.
Negative: We did not reject the invitation.
🔹 বাংলা: আমরা নিমন্ত্রণ গ্রহণ করেছিলাম। / আমরা নিমন্ত্রণ প্রত্যাখ্যান করিনি।
Affirmative: The boy is very brave.
Negative: The boy is not cowardly.
🔹 বাংলা: ছেলেটি খুব সাহসী। / ছেলেটি কাপুরুষ নয়।
Affirmative: I remember the incident.
Negative: I do not forget the incident.
🔹 বাংলা: আমি ঘটনাটি মনে রেখেছি। / আমি ঘটনাটি ভুলে যাই না।
Affirmative: He is a wise man.
Negative: He is not a foolish man.
🔹 বাংলা: তিনি একজন জ্ঞানী ব্যক্তি। / তিনি একজন মূর্খ ব্যক্তি নন।
Rules of transformation
Affirmative to Negative
✅ 1. Only / Alone (ব্যক্তি)
Rule: Use “no one else but…” or “not anyone else but…”
Example:
Affirmative: Only Rahim can do this.
Negative: None but Rahim can do this.Negative: No one else but Rahim can do this.
বাংলা: শুধুমাত্র রহিম এটা করতে পারে। → রহিম ছাড়া আর কেউ এটা করতে পারে না।
✅ 2. Only / Alone (বস্তু)
Rule: Use “nothing else but…” or “not anything else but…”
Example:
Affirmative: Only water was found.
Negative: Nothing but water was found.Negative: Nothing else but water was found.
বাংলা: কেবল পানি পাওয়া গিয়েছিল। → পানি ছাড়া কিছুই পাওয়া যায়নি।
✅ 3. Only / Alone (বয়স / সংখ্যা)
Rule: Use “not more than” / “not less than” depending on context.
Example:
Affirmative: He is only ten years old.
Negative: He is not more than ten years old.
বাংলা: তার বয়স মাত্র দশ বছর। → তার বয়স দশ বছরের বেশি না।
✅ 4. Must / Have to / Has to
Rule: Use “cannot but”, “cannot help but”, or “it is necessary not to avoid…”
Example:
Affirmative: He must go there.
Negative: He cannot but go there.
বাংলা: তাকে যেতেই হবে। → তার যাওয়া ছাড়া উপায় নেই।
✅ 5. Too…to
Rule: Replace with “so…that…not”
Example:
Affirmative: He is too weak to walk.
Negative: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
বাংলা: সে এতটাই দুর্বল যে হাঁটতে পারে না।
✅ 6. Both…and
Rule: Replace with “not only…but also” or negatively as “neither…nor” (context-based)
Example:
Affirmative: Both John and Peter came.
Negative: Not only John but also Peter came.
বাংলা: জন এবং পিটার উভয়েই এসেছিল। → জনই শুধু নয়, পিটারও এসেছিল।
✅ 7. As soon as
Rule: Replace with “No sooner…than”
Example:
Affirmative: As soon as he saw me, he ran away.
Negative: No sooner had he seen me than he ran away.
বাংলা: আমাকে দেখেই সে পালিয়ে গেল। → আমাকে দেখামাত্রই সে পালিয়ে গেল।
✅ 8. Every + Noun
Rule: Use “There is no+noun…who does not…”
- There is no+noun+but+ মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত”
Example:
Affirmative: Every student was present.
Negative: There was no student who was not present.
বাংলা: প্রত্যেক শিক্ষার্থী উপস্থিত ছিল। → এমন কোনো শিক্ষার্থী ছিল না যে উপস্থিত ছিল না।Affirmative: Every teacher loves their students.
Negative: There is no teacher but loves their students.Affirmative: Every child enjoys playing outside.
Negative: There is no child but enjoys playing outside.Affirmative: Every person has a unique talent.
Negative: There is no person but has a unique talent.Affirmative: Every student completed the assignment.
Negative: There is no student but completed the assignment.Affirmative: Every mother cares for her child.
Negative: There is no mother but cares for her child.Affirmative: Every bird migrates in the winter.
Negative: There is no bird but migrates in the winter.Affirmative: Every worker deserves fair pay.
Negative: There is no worker but deserves fair pay.
✅ 9. As…as
Rule: Use “not less…than” or “not inferior to”
Example:
Affirmative: He is as tall as his brother.- Negative: He is not less tall than his brother.
Negative: He is not shorter than his brother.
বাংলা: সে তার ভাইয়ের মতোই লম্বা। → সে তার ভাইয়ের চেয়ে খাটো না।
✅ 10. Less…than
Rule: Use “not as…as”
Example:
Affirmative: He is less intelligent than you.
Negative: He is not as intelligent as you.
বাংলা: সে তোমার চেয়ে কম বুদ্ধিমান। → সে তোমার মতো বুদ্ধিমান না।
✅ 11. Always
Rule: Use “never…not” or “does not ever fail to…”
Example:
Affirmative: He always tells the truth.
Negative: He never tells a lie.
বাংলা: সে সবসময় সত্য বলে। → সে কখনও মিথ্যা বলে না।
✅ 12. Sometimes
Rule: Use “not always.”
Example:
Affirmative: He is sometimes late.
Negative: He is not always on time.
বাংলা: সে কখনও কখনও দেরি করে। → সে সবসময় ঠিক সময়ে আসে না।
✅ 13. Superlative Degree
Rule: Use “No other…as…as”
Example:
Affirmative: He is the best player.
Negative: No other player is as good as he is.
বাংলা: সে সর্বশ্রেষ্ঠ খেলোয়াড়। → তার মতো ভালো খেলোয়াড় আর কেউ নেই।
✅ 14. Synonyms in Negative
Rule: Use “not + antonym” (e.g., “honest” = “not dishonest”)
Example:
Affirmative: He is honest.
Negative: He is not dishonest.
বাংলা: সে সৎ। → সে অসৎ না।
✅ 15. Many
Rule: Use “not a few”
Example:
Affirmative: Many people attended the event.
Negative: Not a few people attended the event.
বাংলা: অনেকেই অনুষ্ঠানে এসেছিলেন। → খুব কম লোক আসেনি।
✅ 16. A few
Rule: Use “not many” (but retain meaning)
Example:
Affirmative: A few students were absent.
Negative: Not many students were absent.
বাংলা: অল্প কয়েকজন অনুপস্থিত ছিল। → অনেক শিক্ষার্থী অনুপস্থিত ছিল না।
✅ 17. A little
Rule: Use “not much” (for uncountable nouns)
Example:
Affirmative: There is a little water.
Negative: There is not much water.
বাংলা: অল্প পানি আছে। → বেশি পানি নেই।
✅ 18. Much
Rule: Use “not a little”
Example:
Affirmative: He has much money.
Negative: He does not have a little money.
বাংলা: তার অনেক টাকা আছে। → তার একেবারে অল্প টাকা নেই।
✅ 19. Comparative Degree
Rule: Use “not as…as”
Example:
Affirmative: She is wiser than her sister.
Negative: Her sister is not as wise as she is.
বাংলা: সে তার বোনের চেয়ে বেশি জ্ঞানী। → তার বোন তার মতো জ্ঞানী না।
✅ 20. Irregular / Rule-free Sentences
Rule: Understand context and retain meaning; avoid negating the intention.
Example:
Affirmative: He accepted the truth.
Negative: He did not deny the truth.
বাংলা: সে সত্য গ্রহণ করেছে। → সে সত্য অস্বীকার করেনি।
Affirmative to Negative Sentences practice
- Affirmative: Only my mother cares for me.
Negative: None but my mother cares for me.
বাংলা অর্থ: কেবল আমার মা-ই আমার জন্য যত্ন নেয়। Affirmative: I have only a phone.
Negative: I have nothing but a phone.
বাংলা অর্থ: আমার কাছে শুধু একটি ফোন আছে।Affirmative: Jerry was only four.
Negative: Jerry was not more than four.
বাংলা অর্থ: জেরির বয়স মাত্র চার বছর ছিল।Affirmative: Samin must get A+.
Negative: Samin cannot but get A+.
বাংলা অর্থ: সামিন অবশ্যই A+ পাবে।Negative: Samin cannot help getting A+.
Affirmative: Samin is bound to get A+.
বাংলা অর্থ: সামিনের A+ পাওয়া অবশ্যম্ভাবী।Affirmative: I must assist my mother.
Negative: I cannot help assisting my mother.
বাংলা অর্থ: আমি আমার মাকে সাহায্য না করে থাকতে পারি না।Affirmative: Samin has to read the Quran.
Negative: Samin cannot but read the Quran.
বাংলা অর্থ: সামিন কুরআন না পড়ে পারে না।Affirmative: Both Samin and Sunzida are good students.
Negative: Not only Samin but also Sunzida are good students.
বাংলা অর্থ: সামিন ও সুনজিদা উভয়েই ভালো ছাত্রী।Affirmative: Every individual desires happiness.
Negative: There isn’t a single person who doesn’t desire happiness.
বাংলা অর্থ: প্রত্যেক ব্যক্তি সুখী হতে চায়।Negative: There is no man who does not want to be happy.
Affirmative: All men want happiness.
বাংলা অর্থ: সকল মানুষই সুখ চায়।Affirmative: As soon as I saw him, he ran away.
Negative: No sooner had I seen him than he ran away.
বাংলা অর্থ: আমি তাকে দেখা মাত্রই সে পালিয়ে গেল।Affirmative: Samin is the best girl in the class.
Negative: No other girl in the class is as good as Samin.
বাংলা অর্থ: ক্লাসে সামিনের মতো ভালো মেয়ে আর কেউ নেই।Affirmative: Samin is better than any other girl in the class.
Negative: No other girl in the class is as good as Samin.
বাংলা অর্থ: ক্লাসে সামিন সবার চেয়ে ভালো।Affirmative: Samin is an honest girl.
Negative: Samin is not a dishonest girl.
বাংলা অর্থ: সামিন একজন সৎ মেয়ে।Affirmative: I always remember my childhood.
Negative: I never forget my childhood.
বাংলা অর্থ: আমি আমার শৈশব কখনও ভুলে যাই না।Affirmative: Samin occasionally arrives late to class.
Negative: Samin is not perpetually late to class.
বাংলা অর্থ: সামিন মাঝে মাঝে ক্লাসে দেরি করে।Affirmative: Samin is as tall as Sunzida.
Negative: Samin is not less tall than Sunzida.
বাংলা অর্থ: সামিন সুনজিদার সমান লম্বা।Affirmative: Health is wealth.
Negative: Isn’t health wealth?
বাংলা অর্থ: স্বাস্থ্যই তো আসল সম্পদ, তাই না?Affirmative: The sun rises in the eastern sky.
Negative: Doesn’t the sun rise in the eastern sky?
বাংলা অর্থ:সূর্য কি পূর্ব দিক থেকে উঠে না?Affirmative: I have many friends.
Negative: I don’t have a few friends.
বাংলা অর্থ: আমার অনেক বন্ধু আছে।Affirmative: He has a few books.
Negative: He doesn’t have many books.
বাংলা অর্থ: তার কয়েকটি বই আছে।- Affirmative: The box is too heavy for me to lift.
Negative:The box is so heavy that I am unable to lift it.
বাংলা অর্থ: বাক্সটি এত ভারী যে আমি তা তুলতে পারি না।
Most common adjectives in English along with their antonyms :
Good – Bad
ভালো – খারাপBig – Small
বড় – ছোটHot – Cold
গরম – ঠাণ্ডাHappy – Sad
খুশি – দুঃখিতFast – Slow
দ্রুত – ধীরStrong – Weak
শক্তিশালী – দুর্বলTall – Short
লম্বা – খাটোRich – Poor
ধনী – গরিবClean – Dirty
পরিষ্কার – নোংরাEasy – Difficult
সহজ – কঠিনYoung – Old
তরুণ – বয়স্কLight – Dark
আলোকিত – অন্ধকারEarly – Late
আগে – দেরিতেThick – Thin
পুরু – পাতলাBeautiful – Ugly
সুন্দর – কুৎসিতSoft – Hard
নরম – শক্তOpen – Closed
খোলা – বন্ধDry – Wet
শুকনো – ভেজাFull – Empty
ভরা – খালিNoisy – Quiet
শব্দপূর্ণ – শান্তWide – Narrow
চওড়া – সরুSafe – Dangerous
নিরাপদ – বিপজ্জনকKind – Cruel
দয়ালু – নিষ্ঠুরLazy – Active
আলসেমি – কর্মচঞ্চলFriendly – Unfriendly
বন্ধুসুলভ – অমায়িক নয়Honest – Dishonest
সৎ – অসৎHealthy – Sick
সুস্থ – অসুস্থTidy – Messy
গোছানো – অগোছালোPolite – Rude
ভদ্র – অভদ্রBusy – Free
ব্যস্ত – অবসরSharp – Dull
ধারালো – ভোঁতাDeep – Shallow
গভীর – অগভীরWarm – Cool
হালকা গরম – ঠাণ্ডাCheap – Expensive
সস্তা – দামীModern – Old-fashioned
আধুনিক – সেকেলেFresh – Stale
তাজা – বাসিBrave – Cowardly
সাহসী – ভীতুInteresting – Boring
মজার – বিরক্তিকরBright – Dull
উজ্জ্বল – নিষ্প্রভClear – Cloudy
পরিষ্কার – মেঘাচ্ছন্নFat – Thin
মোটা – পাতলাLoud – Low
উচ্চস্বরে – নিচুস্বরেSweet – Bitter
মিষ্টি – তেতোCurly – Straight
ঘুঙ্গিনি – সোজাHardworking – Lazy
পরিশ্রমী – অলসGenerous – Mean
উদার – কৃপণCreative – Unimaginative
সৃষ্টিশীল – কল্পনাহীনHopeful – Hopeless
আশাবাদী – নিরাশIntelligent – Foolish
বুদ্ধিমান – বোকাGrateful – Ungrateful
কৃতজ্ঞ – অকৃতজ্ঞ
Common English verbs along with their antonyms
Accept – Reject
গ্রহণ করা – প্রত্যাখ্যান করাAgree – Disagree
একমত হওয়া – দ্বিমত হওয়াAllow – Forbid
অনুমতি দেয়া – নিষেধ করাArrive – Depart
পৌঁছানো – বিদায় নেওয়াAsk – Answer
জিজ্ঞাসা করা – উত্তর দেয়াBegin – End
শুরু করা – শেষ করাBelieve – Doubt
বিশ্বাস করা – সন্দেহ করাBuild – Destroy
তৈরি করা – ধ্বংস করাBuy – Sell
কেনা – বিক্রি করাCome – Go
আসা – যাওয়াCreate – Ruin
সৃষ্টি করা – নষ্ট করাCry – Laugh
কাঁদা – হাসাFind – Lose
খোঁজা / পাওয়া – হারানোFinish – Start
শেষ করা – শুরু করাForget – Remember
ভুলে যাওয়া – মনে রাখাGive – Take
দেয়া – নেওয়াGrow – Shrink
বড় হওয়া – ছোট হওয়াHelp – Harm
সাহায্য করা – ক্ষতি করাHide – Show
লুকানো – দেখানোHope – Despair
আশা করা – হতাশ হওয়াImprove – Worsen
উন্নতি করা – খারাপ হওয়াIncrease – Decrease
বাড়ানো – কমানোJoin – Separate
যুক্ত হওয়া – বিচ্ছিন্ন হওয়াKnow – Ignore
জানা – অবহেলা করাLaugh – Cry
হাসা – কাঁদাLead – Follow
নেতৃত্ব দেয়া – অনুসরণ করাLearn – Forget
শেখা – ভুলে যাওয়াLeave – Stay
চলে যাওয়া – থাকাLike – Hate
পছন্দ করা – ঘৃণা করাLive – Die
বাঁচা – মারা যাওয়াLove – Hate
ভালোবাসা – ঘৃণা করাOpen – Close
খোলা – বন্ধ করাPass – Fail
পাস করা – ফেল করাPermit – Prohibit
অনুমোদন করা – নিষেধ করাPlay – Work
খেলা – কাজ করাPull – Push
টানা – ঠেলাRaise – Lower
উপরে তোলা – নিচে নামানোRemember – Forget
মনে রাখা – ভুলে যাওয়াReply – Question
উত্তর দেয়া – প্রশ্ন করাRest – Work
বিশ্রাম নেওয়া – কাজ করাRise – Fall
উঠা – পড়াSave – Spend
সঞ্চয় করা – খরচ করাSend – Receive
পাঠানো – গ্রহণ করাShow – Hide
দেখানো – লুকানোSit – Stand
বসা – দাঁড়ানোSleep – Wake
ঘুমানো – জাগাSpeak – Remain silent
কথা বলা – চুপ থাকাStart – Stop
শুরু করা – থামাTeach – Learn
শেখানো – শেখাWin – Lose
জয়লাভ করা – হারানো
More practice of Affirmative to Negative
Affirmative: He is always punctual.
Negative: He is never late.
🔹 সে সবসময় সময়মতো আসে। / সে কখনো দেরি করে না।Affirmative: She is very intelligent.
Negative: She is not unintelligent.
🔹 সে খুব বুদ্ধিমান। / সে বোকা নয়।Affirmative: They respect their elders.
Negative: They do not disrespect their elders.
🔹 তারা তাদের বড়দের সম্মান করে। / তারা তাদের বড়দের অসম্মান করে না।Affirmative: She accepted the offer.
Negative: She did not reject the offer.
🔹 সে প্রস্তাবটি গ্রহণ করেছে। / সে প্রস্তাবটি প্রত্যাখ্যান করেনি।Affirmative: I like tea.
Negative: I do not dislike tea.
🔹 আমি চা পছন্দ করি। / আমি চা অপছন্দ করি না।Affirmative: He is rich.
Negative: He is not poor.
🔹 সে ধনী। / সে গরিব নয়।Affirmative: This is a good idea.
Negative: This is not a bad idea.
🔹 এটা একটা ভালো ধারণা। / এটা খারাপ ধারণা নয়।Affirmative: I shall obey you.
Negative: I shall not disobey you.
🔹 আমি তোমার কথা মানব। / আমি তোমার কথা অমান্য করব না।Affirmative: He is a wise man.
Negative: He is not a fool.
🔹 সে একজন জ্ঞানী মানুষ। / সে বোকা নয়।Affirmative: She told the truth.
Negative: She did not tell a lie.
🔹 সে সত্য বলেছে। / সে মিথ্যা বলেনি।Affirmative: He is always honest.
Negative: He is never dishonest.
🔹 সে সবসময় সৎ। / সে কখনো অসৎ নয়।Affirmative: I trust you.
Negative: I do not doubt you.
🔹 আমি তোমার ওপর বিশ্বাস করি। / আমি তোমার ওপর সন্দেহ করি না।Affirmative: They won the match.
Negative: They did not lose the match.
🔹 তারা খেলা জিতেছে। / তারা খেলা হারেনি।Affirmative: He is my friend.
Negative: He is not my enemy.
🔹 সে আমার বন্ধু। / সে আমার শত্রু নয়।Affirmative: The room is clean.
Negative: The room is not dirty.
🔹 ঘরটি পরিষ্কার। / ঘরটি নোংরা নয়।Affirmative: I remember him.
Negative: I do not forget him.
🔹 আমি তাকে মনে রাখি। / আমি তাকে ভুলে যাই না।Affirmative: She is brave.
Negative: She is not a coward.
🔹 সে সাহসী। / সে ভীতু নয়।Affirmative: This task is easy.
Negative: This task is not difficult.
🔹 এই কাজটি সহজ। / এই কাজটি কঠিন নয়।Affirmative: He spoke politely.
Negative: He did not speak rudely.
🔹 সে ভদ্রভাবে কথা বলেছে। / সে রূঢ়ভাবে কথা বলেনি।Affirmative: You are welcome here.
Negative: You are not unwelcome here.
🔹 এখানে তোমাকে স্বাগত জানানো হচ্ছে। / এখানে তোমাকে অস্বাগত জানানো হচ্ছে না।Affirmative: I agree with you.
Negative: I do not disagree with you.
🔹 আমি তোমার সাথে একমত। / আমি তোমার সাথে দ্বিমত পোষণ করি না।Affirmative: He is a kind man.
Negative: He is not a cruel man.
🔹 সে একজন দয়ালু মানুষ। / সে একজন নিষ্ঠুর মানুষ নয়।Affirmative: She is beautiful.
Negative: She is not ugly.
🔹 সে সুন্দর। / সে কুৎসিত নয়।Affirmative: The boy is active.
Negative: The boy is not lazy.
🔹 ছেলেটি সক্রিয়। / ছেলেটি অলস নয়।Affirmative: This is a new book.
Negative: This is not an old book.
🔹 এটি একটি নতুন বই। / এটি একটি পুরনো বই নয়।Affirmative: He is clever.
Negative: He is not stupid.
🔹 সে চতুর। / সে নির্বোধ নয়।Affirmative: I accept your offer.
Negative: I do not reject your offer.
🔹 আমি তোমার প্রস্তাব গ্রহণ করছি। / আমি তোমার প্রস্তাব প্রত্যাখ্যান করছি না।Affirmative: He is strong.
Negative: He is not weak.
🔹 সে শক্তিশালী। / সে দুর্বল নয়।Affirmative: The girl is confident.
Negative: The girl is not nervous.
🔹 মেয়েটি আত্মবিশ্বাসী। / মেয়েটি নার্ভাস নয়।Affirmative: He is my well-wisher.
Negative: He is not my enemy.
🔹 সে আমার মঙ্গলচিন্তক। / সে আমার শত্রু নয়।Affirmative: I saw everything.
Negative: I did not miss anything.
🔹 আমি সবকিছু দেখেছি। / আমি কিছুই মিস করিনি।Affirmative: He is very careful.
Negative: He is not careless.
🔹 সে খুব সতর্ক। / সে অসতর্ক নয়।Affirmative: You are quite fit.
Negative: You are not unfit.
🔹 তুমি একদম সুস্থ। / তুমি অসুস্থ নও।Affirmative: She is helpful.
Negative: She is not indifferent.
🔹 সে সাহায্যকারী। / সে উদাসীন নয়।Affirmative: I am hopeful.
Negative: I am not hopeless.
🔹 আমি আশাবাদী। / আমি নিরাশ নই।Affirmative: He is hardworking.
Negative: He is not lazy.
🔹 সে পরিশ্রমী। / সে অলস নয়।Affirmative: This news is true.
Negative: This news is not false.
🔹 এই সংবাদটি সত্য। / এই সংবাদটি মিথ্যা নয়।Affirmative: You are wise.
Negative: You are not foolish.
🔹 তুমি জ্ঞানী। / তুমি নির্বোধ নও।Affirmative: The sky is clear.
Negative: The sky is not cloudy.
🔹 আকাশ পরিষ্কার। / আকাশ মেঘলা নয়।Affirmative: She sings sweetly.
Negative: She does not sing harshly.
🔹 সে মধুরভাবে গান গায়। / সে কর্কশভাবে গান গায় না।Affirmative: They live in peace.
Negative: They do not live in chaos.
🔹 তারা শান্তিতে বসবাস করে। / তারা বিশৃঙ্খলায় বাস করে না।Affirmative: She is my sister.
Negative: She is not my stranger.
🔹 সে আমার বোন। / সে আমার অজানা নয়।Affirmative: The food is tasty.
Negative: The food is not bad.
🔹 খাবারটি সুস্বাদু। / খাবারটি খারাপ নয়।Affirmative: We should speak the truth.
Negative: We should not tell a lie.
🔹 আমাদের সত্য বলা উচিত। / আমাদের মিথ্যা বলা উচিত নয়।Affirmative: You are quite healthy.
Negative: You are not sick.
🔹 তুমি পুরোপুরি সুস্থ। / তুমি অসুস্থ নও।Affirmative: He is a great leader.
Negative: He is not an ordinary leader.
🔹 সে একজন মহান নেতা। / সে সাধারণ নেতা নয়।Affirmative: I can solve the problem.
Negative: I cannot fail to solve the problem.
🔹 আমি সমস্যাটি সমাধান করতে পারি। / আমি সমস্যাটি সমাধান করতে ব্যর্থ হতে পারি না।
Multiple-Choice Questions
1. Affirmative: He is always punctual.
A. He is not ever punctual.
B. He is never late. ✅
C. He is sometimes late.
D. He is not usually punctual.
Explanation: “Never late” is the correct negative of “always punctual.”
2. Affirmative: She is very intelligent.
A. She is not very intelligent.
B. She is not intelligent at all.
C. She is not unintelligent. ✅
D. She is foolish.
Explanation: “Not unintelligent” retains the original meaning without being negative in intent.
3. Affirmative: I will help you.
A. I will not disturb you.
B. I will not refuse to help you. ✅
C. I will deny you help.
D. I won’t listen to you.
Explanation: “Not refuse to help” is the correct negative expression.
4. Affirmative: They respect their elders.
A. They do not ignore their elders.
B. They do not insult their elders.
C. They do not disrespect their elders. ✅
D. They don’t fear their elders.
Explanation: Opposite of “respect” is “disrespect.”
5. Affirmative: She accepted the offer.
A. She didn’t consider the offer.
B. She did not reject the offer. ✅
C. She never heard the offer.
D. She disagreed with the offer.
Explanation: To accept is the opposite of to reject.
6. Affirmative: I like tea.
A. I do not like tea.
B. I cannot drink tea.
C. I do not dislike tea. ✅
D. I never drink tea.
Explanation: “Not dislike” maintains the same idea as “like.”
7. Affirmative: He is rich.
A. He is not poor. ✅
B. He is not rich.
C. He is rich sometimes.
D. He is very poor.
Explanation: “Rich” is opposite of “poor.”
8. Affirmative: This is a good idea.
A. This is not a terrible idea.
B. This is not a bad idea. ✅
C. This is a bad idea.
D. This is a strange idea.
Explanation: “Not bad” = “good.”
9. Affirmative: I shall obey you.
A. I shall never obey you.
B. I shall not disobey you. ✅
C. I shall oppose you.
D. I shall disobey you.
Explanation: “Disobey” is the opposite of “obey.”
10. Affirmative: He is a wise man.
A. He is not a wise man.
B. He is not a fool. ✅
C. He is a clever fool.
D. He is always foolish.
Explanation: A wise person is not a fool.
12. Affirmative: He is brave.
A. He is not afraid. ✅
B. He is very cowardly.
C. He is not brave.
D. He always runs away.
Explanation: Bravery means absence of fear.
13. Affirmative: This solution is effective.
A. This solution is not bad.
B. This solution is not useless. ✅
C. This solution is complicated.
D. This solution is not known.
Explanation: “Effective” = “not useless.”
14. Affirmative: They always support us.
A. They never support us.
B. They do not oppose us. ✅
C. They occasionally help us.
D. They do not join us.
Explanation: Support is the opposite of oppose.
15. Affirmative: He is a reliable person.
A. He is not unreliable. ✅
B. He is not responsible.
C. He is always late.
D. He is dishonest.
Explanation: “Reliable” = “not unreliable.”
16. Affirmative: She is very polite.
A. She is not rude. ✅
B. She is loud.
C. She is not polite.
D. She is disrespectful.
Explanation: “Polite” = “not rude.”
17. Affirmative: It is possible.
A. It is not impossible. ✅
B. It is never true.
C. It is doubtful.
D. It is false.
Explanation: “Possible” = “not impossible.”
18. Affirmative: He is my friend.
A. He is not my enemy. ✅
B. He is not my friend.
C. He is just an enemy.
D. He never talks to me.
Explanation: Opposite of “friend” is “enemy.”
19. Affirmative: She is helpful.
A. She is not helpful.
B. She is not unhelpful. ✅
C. She is always disturbing.
D. She is never available.
Explanation: “Helpful” = “not unhelpful.”
20. Affirmative: I am sure of his success.
A. I am not unsure of his success. ✅
B. I doubt his success.
C. I am uncertain.
D. I am worried.
Explanation: “Sure” = “not unsure.”
21. Affirmative: He is always honest.
A. He is not dishonest. ✅
B. He is not always honest.
C. He is dishonest.
D. He is rarely honest.
Explanation: “Always honest” = “not dishonest.”
22. Affirmative: She is very beautiful.
A. She is not very ugly. ✅
B. She is not beautiful.
C. She is sometimes beautiful.
D. She is rarely attractive.
Explanation: The opposite of “beautiful” is “ugly.”
23. Affirmative: I trust him.
A. I do not distrust him. ✅
B. I never trust him.
C. I don’t know him.
D. I always doubt him.
Explanation: “Trust” = “do not distrust.”
24. Affirmative: They are very active.
A. They are not lazy. ✅
B. They are very passive.
C. They are not active.
D. They are never working.
Explanation: “Active” = “not lazy.”
25. Affirmative: He is a good singer.
A. He is not a bad singer. ✅
B. He is not a singer.
C. He is a poor singer.
D. He sings rarely.
Explanation: “Good singer” = “not a bad singer.”
26. Affirmative: I accept your opinion.
A. I do not reject your opinion. ✅
B. I do not care about your opinion.
C. I argue with your opinion.
D. I avoid your opinion.
Explanation: “Accept” = “do not reject.”
27. Affirmative: The book is interesting.
A. The book is not boring. ✅
B. The book is not long.
C. The book is not colorful.
D. The book is unreadable.
Explanation: Opposite of “interesting” is “boring.”
28. Affirmative: We enjoyed the movie.
A. We did not dislike the movie. ✅
B. We did not watch the movie.
C. We hated the movie.
D. We left early.
Explanation: “Enjoy” = “did not dislike.”
29. Affirmative: She is always cheerful.
A. She is not sad. ✅
B. She is never cheerful.
C. She is gloomy.
D. She is sometimes angry.
Explanation: “Cheerful” = “not sad.”
30. Affirmative: He is clever.
A. He is not foolish. ✅
B. He is not clever.
C. He is a fool.
D. He is stupid.
Explanation: “Clever” = “not foolish.”
31. Affirmative: I saw him yesterday.
A. I did not miss seeing him yesterday. ✅
B. I never saw him.
C. I forgot him.
D. I ignored him.
Explanation: “Saw” = “did not miss seeing.”
32. Affirmative: She is confident.
A. She is not hesitant. ✅
B. She is nervous.
C. She is not confident.
D. She lacks self-esteem.
Explanation: “Confident” = “not hesitant.”
33. Affirmative: He is successful.
A. He is not a failure. ✅
B. He is not hardworking.
C. He is unsuccessful.
D. He is unlucky.
Explanation: “Successful” = “not a failure.”
34. Affirmative: They are wealthy.
A. They are not poor. ✅
B. They are not generous.
C. They are poor.
D. They are beggars.
Explanation: “Wealthy” = “not poor.”
35. Affirmative: It is a safe place.
A. It is not dangerous. ✅
B. It is not crowded.
C. It is not large.
D. It is not clean.
Explanation: “Safe” = “not dangerous.”
36. Affirmative: The room is clean.
A. The room is not dirty. ✅
B. The room is not painted.
C. The room is locked.
D. The room is small.
Explanation: “Clean” = “not dirty.”
Assertive থেকে Interrogative
Short Rules
Rule (1)
Assertive: Nobody / No one / None
Negative (তাই Interrogative-এ “not” যোগ হবেনা)
Interrogative Structure: Who + মূল Verb থেকে বাকিটুকু?
Example:
Assertive: Nobody helped you.
Interrogative: Who helped you?
🔹 কে তোমাকে সাহায্য করেছিল?
Assertive: No one called me last night.
Interrogative: Who called you last night?
🔹 গত রাতে কে আমাকে ফোন করেছিল?
Assertive: None of them agreed to the plan.
Interrogative: Who agreed to the plan?
🔹 কে পরিকল্পনাটিতে রাজি হয়েছিল?
Assertive: Nobody saw the accident.
Interrogative: Who saw the accident?
🔹 দুর্ঘটনাটা কে দেখেছিল?
Assertive: No one answered the question.
Interrogative: Who answered the question?
🔹 প্রশ্নটির উত্তর কে দিয়েছিল?
Assertive: None of the students submitted the assignment.
Interrogative: Who submitted the assignment?
🔹 কে অ্যাসাইনমেন্ট জমা দিয়েছিল?
Assertive: Nobody opened the door.
Interrogative: Who opened the door?
🔹 দরজাটা কে খুলেছিল?
Assertive: No one visited him in the hospital.
Interrogative: Who visited him in the hospital?
🔹 হাসপাতালে কে তাকে দেখতে গিয়েছিল?
Assertive: None of the players scored a goal.
Interrogative: Who scored a goal?
🔹 গোল কে করেছিল?
Assertive: Nobody cleaned the room.
Interrogative: Who cleaned the room?
🔹 ঘরটা কে পরিষ্কার করেছিল?
Rule (2)
Assertive: Everybody / Everyone/Somebody/Someone/All
Affirmative (তাই Interrogative-এ “not” যোগ হবে)
Interrogative Structure: Who does not বা do not + মূল Verb থেকে বাকিটুকু?
🔹 অর্থ: সবাই → কে না…?
Interrogative Structure: Who does not / do not + base verb + rest of the sentence?
Example:
Assertive: Everybody hates a liar.
Interrogative: Who does not hate a liar?
🔹 কে একজন মিথ্যাবাদীকে অপছন্দ করে না?
Assertive: Everyone respects honest people.
Interrogative: Who does not respect honest people?
🔹 কে সৎ মানুষদের শ্রদ্ধা করে না?
Assertive: Somebody loves you.
Interrogative: Who does not love you?
🔹 কে তোমাকে ভালোবাসে না?
Assertive: All trust their teacher.
Interrogative: Who do not trust their teacher?
🔹 কে তাদের শিক্ষকের উপর ভরসা করে না?
Assertive: Someone knows the answer.
Interrogative: Who does not know the answer?
🔹 কে উত্তরটা জানে না?
Assertive: Everybody enjoyed the party.
Interrogative: Who did not enjoy the party?
🔹 কে পার্টিতে আনন্দ পায়নি?
Assertive: Everyone supported the decision.
Interrogative: Who did not support the decision?
🔹 কে সিদ্ধান্তটির পক্ষে ছিল না?
Assertive: All students completed the task.
Interrogative: Who did not complete the task?
🔹 কে কাজটা সম্পন্ন করেনি?
Assertive: Somebody called you this morning.
Interrogative: Who did not call you this morning?
🔹 আজ সকালে কে তোমাকে ফোন করেনি?
Assertive: Someone opened the window.
Interrogative: Who did not open the window?
🔹 জানালাটা কে খুলেনি?
মনে রেখোঃ
যদি Assertive বাক্য Affirmative হয়, তাহলে Interrogative structure-এ “not” যোগ করবো।
যদি Assertive বাক্য Negative হয়, তাহলে Interrogative structure-এ “not” যোগ করবো না।
Rule (3)
Assertive: Subj (singular)+ verb (Present Indefinite in Affirmative Sentence)
Interrogative গঠনঃ Doesn’t + subject + মুল verb + বাকিটুকু?
অথবা
Assertive: Subject (singular) + Verb (present indefinite, verb¹+ s/es)
Interrogative: Doesn’t subject + base verb + rest of sentence?
(✔️ Since the sentence is affirmative, the interrogative will be:
Does + subject + base verb +…?
Example:
Assertive: Rima sings well.
Interrogative: Does Rima sing well?
🔹 রিমা কি ভালো গান গায়?
Assertive: He plays football.
Interrogative: Does he play football?
🔹 সে কি ফুটবল খেলে?
Assertive: The cat drinks milk.
Interrogative: Does the cat drink milk?
🔹 বিড়ালটা কি দুধ খায়?
Assertive: My father reads the newspaper daily.
Interrogative: Does my father read the newspaper daily?
🔹 আমার বাবা কি রোজ পত্রিকা পড়েন?
Assertive: She speaks English fluently.
Interrogative: Does she speak English fluently?
🔹 সে কি ইংরেজি সাবলীলভাবে বলতে পারে?
Assertive: The sun rises in the east.
Interrogative: Does the sun rise in the east?
🔹 সূর্য কি পূর্ব দিকে ওঠে?
Assertive: Mina watches TV at night.
Interrogative: Does Mina watch TV at night?
🔹 মিনা কি রাতে টিভি দেখে?
Assertive: A doctor treats patients.
Interrogative: Does a doctor treat patients?
🔹 একজন ডাক্তার কি রোগীদের চিকিৎসা করে?
Assertive: He drives carefully.
Interrogative: Does he drive carefully?
🔹 সে কি সতর্কভাবে গাড়ি চালায়?
Assertive: The baby cries a lot.
Interrogative: Does the baby cry a lot?
🔹 শিশুটি কি অনেক কাঁদে?
Rule (4)
Assertive: They / We / I + verb¹ (Present Indefinite in Affirmative Sentence)
Interrogative: Don’t + subject + মুল verb + বাকিটুকু?
অথবাঃ Don’t + subject + base verb + rest of sentence?
Example:
Assertive: They go to school.
Interrogative: Don’t they go to school?
🔹 তারা কি স্কুলে যায় না?
Assertive: We play cricket every Friday.
Interrogative: Don’t we play cricket every Friday?
🔹 আমরা কি প্রতি শুক্রবার ক্রিকেট খেলি না?
Assertive: I eat vegetables every day.
Interrogative: Don’t I eat vegetables every day?
🔹 আমি কি প্রতিদিন সবজি খাই না?
Assertive: You help your parents.
Interrogative: Don’t you help your parents?
🔹 তুমি কি তোমার বাবা-মাকে সাহায্য করো না?
Assertive: They speak Spanish fluently.
Interrogative: Don’t they speak Spanish fluently?
🔹 তারা কি স্প্যানিশ সাবলীলভাবে বলতে পারে না?
Assertive: We watch movies on weekends.
Interrogative: Don’t we watch movies on weekends?
🔹 আমরা কি ছুটির দিনে সিনেমা দেখি না?
Assertive: I visit my grandparents often.
Interrogative: Don’t I visit my grandparents often?
🔹 আমি কি প্রায়ই আমার দাদু-দিদাকে দেখতে যাই না?
Assertive: You read books regularly.
Interrogative: Don’t you read books regularly?
🔹 তুমি কি নিয়মিত বই পড়ো না?
Assertive: The children play in the park.
Interrogative: Don’t the children play in the park?
🔹 বাচ্চারা কি পার্কে খেলাধুলা করে না?
Assertive: We study together.
Interrogative: Don’t we study together?
🔹 আমরা কি একসাথে পড়াশোনা করি না?
Rule (5)
Assertive: Past Affirmative (verb 2nd form)
Interrogative: Didn’t + subject + মুল verb + বাকিটুকু?
🔹 যেমন: Sara went → Didn’t She go?
Example:
Assertive: They went to school.
Interrogative: Didn’t they go to school?
🔹 তারা কি স্কুলে যায়নি?
Assertive: He ate all the apples.
Interrogative: Didn’t he eat all the apples?
🔹 সে কি সবগুলো আপেল খায়নি?
Assertive: We watched the movie last night.
Interrogative: Didn’t we watch the movie last night?
🔹 আমরা কি গত রাতে সিনেমাটা দেখিনি?
Assertive: She cleaned the room.
Interrogative: Didn’t she clean the room?
🔹 সে কি ঘরটা পরিষ্কার করেনি?
Assertive: I met him yesterday.
Interrogative: Didn’t I meet him yesterday?
🔹 আমি কি তাকে গতকাল দেখিনি?
Assertive: You called me in the morning.
Interrogative: Didn’t you call me in the morning?
🔹 তুমি কি আমাকে সকালে ফোন করোনি?
Assertive: They finished the work on time.
Interrogative: Didn’t they finish the work on time?
🔹 তারা কি সময়মতো কাজটা শেষ করেনি?
Assertive: She sang beautifully.
Interrogative: Didn’t she sing beautifully?
🔹 সে কি সুন্দরভাবে গান গায়নি?
Assertive: We went shopping yesterday.
Interrogative: Didn’t we go shopping yesterday?
🔹 আমরা কি গতকাল বাজারে যাইনি?
Rule (6)
Assertive: Has / Have / Had (Affirmative)
Interrogative গঠন : Hasn’t বা Haven’t বা Hadn’t + subject + বাকিটুকু?
Interrogative গঠন :
HHasn’t+ subject + rest of sentence? (for singular 3rd person – he, she, it, etc.)
HHaven’t+ subject + rest of sentence? (for plural or I/you/we/they)
HHadn’t+ subject + rest of sentence? (for past perfect – all subjects)
Example:
Assertive: They had gone to school.
Interrogative: HHadn’tthey gone to school?
🔹 তারা কি স্কুলে যায়নি?
Assertive: She has finished her homework.
Interrogative: Hasn’t she finished her homework?
🔹 সে কি তার হোমওয়ার্ক শেষ করেনি?
Assertive: We have seen that movie.
Interrogative: Haven’t we seen that movie?
🔹 আমরা কি সিনেমাটা দেখিনি?
Assertive: He had completed the task before evening.
Interrogative: Hadn’t he completed the task before evening?
🔹 সে কি সন্ধ্যার আগে কাজটা শেষ করেনি?
Assertive: I have told you the truth.
Interrogative: Haven’t I told you the truth?
🔹 আমি কি তোমাকে সত্যটা বলিনি?
Assertive: You have heard the news.
Interrogative: Haven’t you heard the news?
🔹 তুমি কি খবরটা শুনোনি?
Assertive: She has taken the medicine.
Interrogative: Hasn’t she taken the medicine?
🔹 সে কি ওষুধটা খায়নি?
Assertive: The boys have done their work.
Interrogative: Haven’t the boys done their work?
🔹 ছেলেরা কি তাদের কাজ করেনি?
Assertive: We had planned the trip earlier.
Interrogative: Hadn’t we planned the trip earlier?
🔹 আমরা কি আগেই ভ্রমণের পরিকল্পনা করিনি?
Assertive: He has written the letter.
Interrogative: Hasn’t he written the letter?
🔹 সে কি চিঠিটা লেখেনি?
Rule (7)
Assertive: Is বা Am বা Are বা Was বা Were (Affirmative)
Interrogative: Isn’t / Aren’t / Wasn’t / Weren’t + subject + বাকিটুকু?
অথবাঃ
Interrogative: Amn’t, Isn’t, Aren’t, Wasn’t, Weren’t +subject + rest of the sentence?
Example:
Assertive: They are going to school.
Interrogative: Aren’t they going to school?
🔹 তারা কি স্কুলে যাচ্ছেনা?
Assertive: She is singing a song.
Interrogative: Isn’t she singing a song?
🔹 সে কি গান গাইছে না?
Assertive: We are watching TV.
Interrogative: Aren’t we watching TV?
🔹 আমরা কি টিভি দেখছি না?
Assertive: I am reading a book.
Interrogative: Am I not reading a book?
🔹 আমি কি বই পড়ছি না?
Assertive: He was playing football.
Interrogative: Wasn’t he playing football?
🔹 সে কি ফুটবল খেলছিল না?
Assertive: You are learning English.
Interrogative: Aren’t you learning English?
🔹 তুমি কি ইংরেজি শিখছো না?
Assertive: It is raining heavily.
Interrogative: Isn’t it raining heavily?
🔹 কি ভারি বৃষ্টি হচ্ছে না?
Assertive: They were studying for the exam.
Interrogative: Weren’t they studying for the exam?
🔹 তারা কি পরীক্ষার জন্য পড়াশোনা করছিল না?
Assertive: The boys are playing in the field.
Interrogative: Aren’t the boys playing in the field?
🔹 ছেলেরা কি মাঠে খেলছে না?
Assertive: She was cooking lunch.
Interrogative: Wasn’t the cooking lunch?
🔹 সে কি দুপুরের খাবার রান্না করছিল না?
Assertive: Modal verbs (Can, Will, Would, etc. in Affirmative)
Interrogative: Can’t/Won’t /Wouldn’t /Shouldn’t + subject + base verb + বাকিটুকু?
Assertive: There is বা There are বা There was বা There were (Affirmative)
👉Interrogative: Isn’t / Aren’t / Wasn’t / Weren’t there + বাকিটুকু?
Assertive: It is / It was (Affirmative)
👉Interrogative: Isn’t / Wasn’t it + বাকিটুকু?
Assertive: Nothing (Affirmative form)
👉 What + happen/occur / etc.?
Assertive: Never (Affirmative meaning – কখনো না)
👉Interrogative: Does/ Did / Has + subject + ever + verb + বাকিটুকু?
Assertive: Always / Often / Usually (Affirmative)
👉Interrogative: Doesn’t / Didn’t + subject + often + verb + বাকিটুকু?
Assertive:Someone বা Somebody বা One (Affirmative)
👉 Interrogative:Who doesn’t বা didn’t + verb + বাকিটুকু?Assertive:Every + Noun
- Interrogative:Is there any + Noun+ who does not+ মূল Verb থেকে বাকিটুকু?
✅ Now for Negative Assertive Sentences:
👉 যদি Assertive বাক্য Negative হয় (যেমন: doesn’t, didn’t, isn’t, hasn’t ইত্যাদি থাকে), তাহলে Interrogative-এ NOT যোগ করবো না।
উদাহরণ:
He doesn’t eat rice → Does he eat rice?
She hasn’t come yet. → Has she come yet?
সারাংশ:
| Assertive Type | Interrogative Structure | “n”t” “কবে? |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | Auxiliary/modal + not + subject? | ✅ হ্যাঁ |
| Negative (already) | Auxiliary/modal + subject? | ❌ না |
Assertive To Imperative
Rule (1)
You যুক্ত affirmative sentence কে Imperative করার নিয়ম= মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত।
Example:
Assertive: You should have done the work.
Imperative: Do the work.
Assertive: You must finish your homework.
Imperative: Finish your homework.
Assertive: You should speak loudly in the meeting.
Imperative: Speak loudly in the meeting.
Assertive: You need to clean the room.
Imperative: Clean the room.
Assertive: You should tell the truth.
Imperative: Tell the truth.
Assertive: You have to complete the task before the deadline.
Imperative: Complete the task before the deadline.
Assertive: You should help your friend with the project.
Imperative: Help your friend with the project.
Rule (2)
You যুক্ত negative sentence কে Imperative করার নিয়ম= Do not/Never +মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত।
Example:
Assertive: You should not help your friend with the project.
Imperative: Do not help your friend with the project.
Assertive: You must not touch that painting.
Imperative: Do not touch that painting.
Assertive: You should not speak during the exam.
Imperative: Do not speak during the exam.
Assertive: You must not interrupt others while they’re speaking.
Imperative: Do not interrupt others while they’re speaking.
Rule (3)
You বাদে ভিন্ন Subject যুক্ত Assertive sentence কে Imperative করার নিয়ম= Let+ Subject এর Object (Do not/Never)+মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত।
Example:
Assertive: He should complete his homework by tonight.
Imperative: Let him complete his homework by tonight.Assertive: She must submit the report before noon.
Imperative: Let her submit the report before noon.Assertive: The teacher must explain the lesson clearly.
Imperative: Let the teacher explain the lesson clearly.Assertive: The children should not play outside when it’s raining.
Imperative: Let the children not play outside when it’s raining.Assertive: Mary should never ignore her health.
Imperative: Let Mary never ignore her health.Assertive: They should not argue during the presentation.
Imperative: Let them not argue during the presentation.Assertive: He should always respect others ‘ opinions.
Imperative: Let him always respect others ‘ opinions.
Rule (4)When the sentence contains “need to” or “have to”, replace it with “do”.
যখন বাক্যে “need to” বা “have to” ব্যবহার করা হয়, তখন তা “do” দিয়ে প্রতিস্থাপন করতে হবে।
Example:
Assertive: She needs to complete the assignment by tomorrow.
Imperative: Do complete the assignment by tomorrow.
Rule (5)When the sentence contains a “must” or “should”, replace it with “Do” or “Don’t” for a negative form.
যখন বাক্যে “must” বা “should” থাকে, তখন নেতিবাচক আকারে “Do” বা “Don’t” ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
Example:
Assertive: You must wash your hands before eating.
Imperative: Wash your hands before eating.
Assertive: You should not waste your time.
Imperative: Do not waste your time.
Rule (6)When expressing an order, use “Do not” for a negative form.
যখন কোনো নির্দেশনা দেওয়া হয়, তখন নেতিবাচক আকারে “Do not” ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
Example:
Assertive: You should not touch the fragile items.
Imperative: Do not touch the fragile items.
Rule (7)If the sentence is in the present perfect tense, change it to a direct command in the imperative.
যদি বাক্যটি present perfect tense এ থাকে, তবে তা সরাসরি imperative এ পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।
Example:
Assertive: You have completed the task successfully.
Imperative: Complete the task successfully.
Assertive sentences into Exclamatory sentences
Rule(1) A+very+adjective+noun(A/an যুক্ত) assertive= What a/an+adjective+noun+subject+verb+!
Example:
Assertive: This is a very interesting book.
Exclamatory: What an interesting book this is!Assertive: He is a very hardworking student.
Exclamatory: What a hardworking student he is!Assertive: This is a very delicious cake.
Exclamatory: What a delicious cake this is!Assertive: They are very creative artists.
Exclamatory: What creative artists they are!
Rule(2) very+adjective যুক্ত assertive(A/an বিহীন)= How +adjective+subject+verb+!
Example:
Assertive: The car is very fast.
Exclamatory: How fast the car is!Assertive: The child is very cute.
Exclamatory: How cute the child is!Assertive: The beach is very beautiful.
Exclamatory: How beautiful the beach is!Assertive: The teacher is very helpful.
Exclamatory: How helpful the teacher is!Assertive: The idea is very innovative.
Exclamatory: How innovative the idea is!Assertive: The house is very spacious.
Exclamatory: How spacious the house is!Assertive: The weather is very pleasant today.
Exclamatory: How pleasant the weather is today!
Rule(3) Wish= If +wish এর পরের অংশ+!
Example:
Assertive: I wish I had a superpower.
Exclamatory: If I had a superpower!Assertive: I wish I could fly like an eagle.
Exclamatory: If I could fly like an eagle!Assertive: I wish I were the president of the country.
Exclamatory: If I were the president of the country!Assertive: I wish I could speak multiple languages.
Exclamatory: If I could speak multiple languages!Assertive: I wish I had a time machine.
Exclamatory: If I had a time machine!
Rule(4) It is a matter of joy that= Hurray+that এর পরের অংশ+!
Example:
Assertive: It is a matter of joy that she passed her exams.
Exclamatory: Hurray! She passed her exams!Assertive: It is a matter of joy that we are going on vacation.
Exclamatory: Hurray! We are going on vacation!Assertive: It is a matter of joy that we completed the project successfully.
Exclamatory: Hurray! We completed the project successfully!Assertive: It is a matter of joy that the weather is perfect for a picnic.
Exclamatory: Hurray! The weather is perfect for a picnic!Assertive: It is a matter of joy that we are celebrating our anniversary.
Exclamatory: Hurray! We are celebrating our anniversary!Assertive: It is a matter of joy that I finally got the job.
Exclamatory: Hurray! I finally got the job!Assertive: It is a matter of joy that the new movie is released today.
Exclamatory: Hurray! The new movie is released today!Assertive: It is a matter of joy that we found the missing keys.
Exclamatory: Hurray! We found the missing keys!
Rule(5) It is a matter of sorrow that= Alas!+that এর পরের অংশ+!
Assertive: It is a matter of sorrow that the world is facing environmental issues.
Exclamatory: Alas! The world is facing environmental issues!Assertive: It is a matter of sorrow that many people are suffering from hunger.
Exclamatory: Alas! Many people are suffering from hunger!Assertive: It is a matter of sorrow that people are losing their homes in natural disasters.
Exclamatory: Alas! People are losing their homes in natural disasters!Assertive: It is a matter of sorrow that so many people live in poverty.
Exclamatory: Alas! So many people live in poverty!Assertive: It is a matter of sorrow that the education system is failing children in many parts of the world.
Exclamatory: Alas! The education system is failing children in many parts of the world!Assertive: It is a matter of sorrow that violence is increasing in society.
Exclamatory: Alas! Violence is increasing in society!Assertive: It is a matter of sorrow that so many forests are being cut down.
Exclamatory: Alas! So many forests are being cut down!Assertive: It is a matter of sorrow that so many people suffer from mental health issues.
Exclamatory: Alas! So many people suffer from mental health issues!Assertive: It is a matter of sorrow that corruption is rampant in many governments.
Exclamatory: Alas! Corruption is rampant in many governments!
Rule(6)It is a matter of wonder that= wow!+ that এর পরের অংশ+!
Example:
Assertive: It is a matter of wonder that she finished the race in first place.
Exclamatory: Wow! She finished the race in first place!Assertive: It is a matter of wonder that they built such a tall skyscraper in just one year.
Exclamatory: Wow! They built such a tall skyscraper in just one year!Assertive: It is a matter of wonder that the magician performed such an incredible trick.
Exclamatory: Wow! The magician performed such an incredible trick!Assertive: It is a matter of wonder that she sang that song so beautifully.
Exclamatory: Wow! She sang that song so beautifully!Assertive: It is a matter of wonder that the artist painted such a magnificent masterpiece.
Exclamatory: Wow! The artist painted such a magnificent masterpiece!Assertive: It is a matter of wonder that he managed to win the competition without any prior experience.
Exclamatory: Wow! He managed to win the competition without any prior experience!Assertive: It is a matter of wonder that they were able to repair the ancient artifact so well.
Exclamatory: Wow! They were able to repair the ancient artifact so well!Assertive: It is a matter of wonder that the chef prepared such a delicious feast.
Exclamatory: Wow! The chef prepared such a delicious feast!
Rule(7) For negative statements that express shock or disbelief, use “How” or “What” with a negative adjective.
যখন নেতিবাচক বাক্য ব্যবহৃত হয় এবং অবাক হওয়া বা বিশ্বাস না হওয়ার অনুভূতি প্রকাশ করতে হয়, তখন “How” বা “What” দিয়ে নেতিবাচক বিশেষণ ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
Example:
Assertive: The situation is not good.
Exclamatory: How bad the situation is!
Rule(8) To express awe or admiration for a large quantity, use “What” or “How” followed by a noun and an adjective.
যখন কোনো বিশাল পরিমাণ বা কিছুতে বিস্ময় প্রকাশ করতে হয়, তখন “What” বা “How” দিয়ে বিশেষ্য এবং বিশেষণ ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
Example:
Assertive: They have a lot of books.
Exclamatory: What a lot of books they have!
Summary of the Rules (in Bangla):
বিস্ময় চিহ্ন (exclamation mark) যোগ করা।
“What” বা “How” দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু করা।
অবিশ্বাস বা বিস্ময়ের জন্য “How” এবং বিশেষণ ব্যবহার করা।
প্রশংসা বা বিস্ময়ের জন্য “What” এবং বিশেষ্য ব্যবহার করা।
বাক্যের গঠন পরিবর্তন করা এবং বিস্ময় চিহ্ন ব্যবহার করা।
নেতিবাচক বাক্যে বিস্ময় প্রকাশের জন্য “How” বা “What” এবং নেতিবাচক বিশেষণ ব্যবহার করা।
বিশাল পরিমাণের জন্য “What” বা “How” এবং বিশেষ্য ও বিশেষণ ব্যবহার করা।
একক বিশেষ্য (singular noun) এর জন্য “What a” বা “What an”, এবং বিশেষণ বা ক্রিয়া-বিশেষণ (adjective or adverb) এর জন্য “How” ব্যবহার করা।
তীব্র অনুভূতি প্রকাশের জন্য “How” এবং বিশেষণ ব্যবহার করা।
বিস্ময় বা অবাক হওয়ার জন্য “What” এবং বিশেষণ বা বিশেষ্য ব্যবহার করা।
Exclamatory to Assertive
Rule(1) What a/an যুক্ত exclamatory Sentence= শেষের Subject+ verb+ a+ very+adjective+ noun.
Example:
Exclamatory: What an amazing performance she gave!
Assertive: She gave a very amazing performance.Exclamatory: What a delicious cake this is!
Assertive: This is a very delicious cake.Exclamatory: What an incredible view it is!
Assertive: It is a very incredible view.Exclamatory: What a stunning painting that is!
Assertive: That is a very stunning painting.Exclamatory: What a wonderful idea he had!
Assertive: He had a very wonderful idea.Exclamatory: What an exciting adventure this is!
Assertive: This is a very exciting adventure.Exclamatory: What a fantastic meal we had!
Assertive: We had a very fantastic meal.Exclamatory: What a bright future she has!
Assertive: She has a very bright future.
Rule(2) How +adjective যুক্ত exclamatory Sentence= শেষের Subject+ verb+ very+adjective+ .
Example:
Exclamatory: How tall the building is!
Assertive: The building is very tall.Exclamatory: How bright the room is!
Assertive: The room is very bright.Exclamatory: How lovely her voice is!
Assertive: Her voice is very lovely.Exclamatory: How funny his joke is!
Assertive: His joke is very funny.Exclamatory: How fast the car is!
Assertive: The car is very fast.Exclamatory: How clever the student is!
Assertive: The student is very clever.Exclamatory: How exciting the movie is!
Assertive: The movie is very exciting.Exclamatory: How kind she is!
Assertive: She is very kind.
Rule (3): “If + subject + verb” for expressing wishes or hypothetical situations.= Subject +wish + if/if only এর পরের অংশ।
Exclamatory: If only I were a bird!
Assertive: I wish I were a bird.
Exclamatory: If I had a million dollars!
Assertive: I wish I had a million dollars.
Exclamatory: If I could travel the world!
Assertive: I wish I could travel the world.
Exclamatory: If I were famous!
Assertive: I wish I were famous.
Exclamatory: If I could speak multiple languages!
Assertive: I wish I could speak multiple languages.