Rule 1: “In spite of” থাকলে Although / Though
সহজ কথায় বোঝো: “In spite of” মানে হলো “সত্ত্বেও”। যখন Simple Sentence-এ In spite of থাকে, তখন Complex-এ Although / Though দিয়ে নতুন Clause তৈরি করতে হয়।
Step-by-Step নিয়ম:
Step 1: “In spite of” বাদ দাও এবং সেখানে Although / Though বসাও.
Step 2: “In spite of”-এর পরে যে Possessive Pronoun থাকে (his, her, my, their) সেটাকে Subjective form-এ বদলাও.
his → he | her → she | my → I | their → they | its → it.
Step 3: এরপর Verb বসাও:
- “being” থাকলে → am/is/are/was/were বসাও.
- “having” থাকলে → have/has/had বসাও.
- অন্য Main Verb থাকলে → সেই Verb-ই বসাও (Tense অনুযায়ী).
Step 4: বাকি Simple Sentence-এর Clause যোগ করো.
- গঠনঃ Although/Though + Subject + was/is/were/are/have/had/main verb+ বাকি অংশ,+ Simple Sentence-এর Clause.
Examples:
Simple: In spite of his poverty, he is honest.
Complex: Although he was poor, he is honest.
Simple: In spite of being meritorious, Samin did not get the job.
Complex: Though Samin was meritorious, she did not get the job.
Simple:In spite of illness, he appeared at the exam.
Complex:Though he was ill, he appeared at the exam.
Simple:In spite of merit, she cannot make good result.
Complex:Although she has merit, she cannot make good result.
Simple: In spite of great wealth, Mr. Selim is not happy.
Complex: Though Mr. Selim has great wealth, he is not happy.
Important মনে রেখো:
“In spite of”-এর পরে শুধু Noun থাকলে (যেমন: illness, merit, poverty) → Subj+Be verb + Adjective অথবা Subj+Have verb + Noun বসাও
- illness → he was ill (Be verb + Adjective)
- merit → she has merit (Have verb + Noun)
Rules 2: “On account of / Because of / Owing to / Due to / For” থাকলে=Since / As
সহজ কথায় বোঝো: এই শব্দগুলো সবই “কারণে” বোঝায়। Complex Sentence-এ এগুলোর পরিবর্তে Since / As বসে এবং একটি নতুন Clause তৈরি হয়।
Step-by-Step নিয়ম:
Step 1: “On account of / Because of / Owing to / Due to / For” বাদ দাও এবং Since / As বসাও
Step 2: Possessive Pronoun থাকলে Subjective form-এ বদলাও
his → he | her → she | my → I | their → they
Step 3: Verb বসাও:
- “being” থাকলে → am/is/are/was/were বসাও
- “having” থাকলে → have/has/had বসাও
- Main Verb থাকলে → সেই Verb-ই বসাও
Step 4: বাকি Simple Sentence-এর Clause যোগ করো
গঠন: Since/As + Subject + was/is/were/are + Adjective/Noun,
Simple Sentence-এর Clause
Examples:
Simple: On account of my illness, I could not attend.
Complex:Since/As I was ill, I could not attend.
Simple: Because of his honesty, he was rewarded.
Complex:As/Since he was honest, he was rewarded.
Simple: For honesty, he is respected.
Complex:Since/As he is honest, he is respected.
Simple: Owing to stupidity, Shela was eliminated.
Complex:Since/As Shela was stupid, she was eliminated.
Simple:Owing to truthfulness, people love him.
Complex:As/Since he is truthful, people love him.
Simple: For corruption, people hate him.
Complex:Since/As he is corrupt, people hate him.
মনে রেখো:
- Rule 1 এবং Rule 2 প্রায় একই। পার্থক্য শুধু:
- In spite of → Although/Though (বিপরীত অর্থ)
- Because of/On account of → Since/As (কারণ বোঝায়)
Rule3:”Too…to”থাকলে=”So…that+Subj+can not/could not+to এর পরের অংশ।
সহজ কথায় বোঝো: “Too…to” মানে “এতটাই…যে পারে না”। Complex-এ এটি “So…that…cannot/could not” হয়ে যায়।
Step-by-Step নিয়ম:
- Step 1: “too” বাদ দিয়ে সেখানে “so” বসাও
- Step 2: “to” বাদ দিয়ে সেখানে “that” বসাও
- Step 3: “that”-এর পরে Subject বসাও (1st Clause-এর Subject অনুযায়ী)
- Step 4: Tense অনুযায়ী Verb বসাও:
- Present Tense → cannot
- Past Tense → could not
- Step 5: Main Verb এবং বাকি অংশ বসাও
গঠন: Subject + Verb + so + Adjective + that + Subject + cannot/could not + Main Verb + বাকি অংশ
Examples:
Simple: He is too lazy to shine in life.
Complex:He is so lazy that he cannot shine in life.
Simple: The load is too heavy for Murad to lift.
Complex:The load is so heavy that Murad cannot lift it.
Simple: She was too tired to walk.
Complex:She was so tired that she could not walk.
Simple: He is too weak to run.
Complex:He is so weak that he cannot run.
Simple: Rabi is too sad to speak.
Complex:Rabi is so sad that he cannot speak.
মনে রেখো:
- ✅ “For + Noun/Pronoun” থাকলে সেই Noun/Pronoun-ই Subject হবে
- “too heavy for Murad to lift” → “so heavy that Murad cannot lift it” ✅ Present Tense → cannot | Past Tense → could not
Rule 4: “Being” দিয়ে শুরু হলে বা “Being” থাকলে= “Since/As + Subject + was/is/are/were”
সহজ কথায় বোঝো: Sentence-এ “Being” থাকলে বুঝতে হবে এটি একটি Participle Phrase। Complex-এ এটি “Since/As + Subject + was/is/are/were” হয়ে যায়।
Step-by-Step নিয়ম:
- Step 1: “Being” বাদ দাও
- Step 2: Since/As বসাও
- Step 3: Subject বসাও:
- “Being”-এর আগে Subject থাকলে → সেটাই Subject
- Subject না থাকলে → 2nd Clause-এর Subject বসাও
- Step 4: Tense অনুযায়ী was/is/are/were বসাও
- Step 5: বাকি Phrase লেখো, তারপর 2nd Clause যোগ করো
গঠন: Since/As + Subject + was/is/are/were + বাকি অংশ, Simple Sentence-এর 2nd Clause
Examples:
Simple: The vacation being over, I went back to hostel.
Complex:Since/As the vacation was over, I went back to hostel.
Simple: Rimi being ill, I did not allow her to go alone.
Complex:As/Since Rimi was ill, I did not allow her to go alone.
Simple: Being sincere and hard-working, Mitu has earned reputation. Complex:Since/As Mitu is sincere and hard-working, she has earned reputation.
Simple: Being meritorious and smart, he got the job.
Complex:As he was meritorious and smart, he got the job.
মনে রেখো:
- ✅ “Being”-এর আগে Subject থাকলে → সেটাই Since/As-এর পরের Subject ✅ “Being”-এর আগে Subject না থাকলে → 2nd Clause-এর Subject বসাও ✅ Tense সবসময় Simple Sentence-এর 2nd Clause দেখে ঠিক করো
Rule 5: Present Participle (V1+ing) দিয়ে Phrase শুরু হলে=Complex-এ When / Since / As বসিয়ে নতুন Clause তৈরি করতে হয়।
সহজ কথায় বোঝো: Sentence-এর শুরুতে Verb1+ing থাকলে (যেমন: Closing, Finishing, Having) এটি একটি Participle Phrase। Complex-এ When / Since / As বসিয়ে নতুন Clause তৈরি করতে হয়।
Step-by-Step নিয়ম:
- Step 1: V1+ing Phrase টি খুঁজে বের করো
- Step 2: কারণ বোঝালে Since/As এবং সময় বোঝালে When বসাও
- Step 3: Subject বসাও:
- Phrase-এ Subject থাকলে → সেটাই বসাও
- Subject না থাকলে → 2nd Clause-এর Subject বসাও
- Step 4: V+ing-এর পরিবর্তে Tense অনুযায়ী সঠিক Verb বসাও
- Step 5: বাকি Phrase লেখো, তারপর 2nd Clause যোগ করো
গঠন: When/Since/As + Subject + Verb (Tense অনুযায়ী) + বাকি অংশ,
Simple Sentence-এর 2nd Clause
Examples:
Simple: Closing the window, I went back to work.
Complex: When I closed the window, I went back to work.
Simple: Finishing the work, I returned home.
Complex:When I finished the work, I returned home.
Simple:Having great wealth, he lived a luxurious life.
Complex: Since/As he had great wealth, he lived a luxurious life.
Simple:Reaching the station, I bought a ticket.
Complex:When I reached the station, I bought a ticket.
Simple: Finding the door unlocked, the thief entered.
Complex:When/As the thief found the door unlocked, he entered.
মনে রেখো:
- ✅ সময় বোঝালে → When বসাও (যেমন: Closing, Reaching, Finishing) ✅ কারণ বোঝালে → Since/As বসাও (যেমন: Having great wealth) ✅ “Having + V3” থাকলে → had বসাও
Rule 5: Present Participle (V1+ing) দিয়ে Phrase শুরু হলে=Complex-এ When / Since / As বসিয়ে নতুন Clause তৈরি করতে হয়।
সহজ কথায় বোঝো: Sentence-এর শুরুতে Verb1+ing থাকলে (যেমন: Closing, Finishing, Having) এটি একটি Participle Phrase। Complex-এ When / Since / As বসিয়ে নতুন Clause তৈরি করতে হয়।
Step-by-Step নিয়ম:
- Step 1: V1+ing Phrase টি খুঁজে বের করো
- Step 2: কারণ বোঝালে Since/As এবং সময় বোঝালে When বসাও
- Step 3: Subject বসাও:
- Phrase-এ Subject থাকলে → সেটাই বসাও
- Subject না থাকলে → 2nd Clause-এর Subject বসাও
- Step 4: V+ing-এর পরিবর্তে Tense অনুযায়ী সঠিক Verb বসাও
- Step 5: বাকি Phrase লেখো, তারপর 2nd Clause যোগ করো
গঠন: When/Since/As + Subject + Verb (Tense অনুযায়ী) + বাকি অংশ,
Simple Sentence-এর 2nd Clause
Examples:
Simple: Closing the window, I went back to work.
Complex: When I closed the window, I went back to work.
Simple: Finishing the work, I returned home.
Complex:When I finished the work, I returned home.
Simple:Having great wealth, he lived a luxurious life.
Complex: Since/As he had great wealth, he lived a luxurious life.
Simple:Reaching the station, I bought a ticket.
Complex:When I reached the station, I bought a ticket.
Simple: Finding the door unlocked, the thief entered.
Complex:When/As the thief found the door unlocked, he entered.
মনে রেখো:
- ✅ সময় বোঝালে → When বসাও (যেমন: Closing, Reaching, Finishing) ✅ কারণ বোঝালে → Since/As বসাও (যেমন: Having great wealth) ✅ “Having + V3” থাকলে → had বসাও
Rule 6: “to / in order to” থাকলে=”so that + Subject + can/could/may/might+to এর পরের অংশ।
সহজ কথায় বোঝো: “to / in order to” মানে “জন্য / উদ্দেশ্যে”। Complex-এ এটি “so that + Subject + can/could/may/might” হয়ে যায়।
Step-by-Step নিয়ম:
- Step 1: “to / in order to” খুঁজে বের করো
- Step 2: “to / in order to”-এর পরিবর্তে “so that” বসাও
- Step 3: 1st Clause-এর Subject অনুযায়ী Pronoun বসাও
- Step 4: Tense অনুযায়ী Modal Verb বসাও:
- Present Tense → can / may
- Past Tense → could / might
- Step 5: Main Verb এবং বাকি অংশ বসাও
গঠন:1st Clause + so that + Subject + can/could/may/might + Main Verb + বাকি অংশ
Examples:
Simple: Murad went to market to buy a book.
Complex: Murad went to market so that he could buy a book.
Simple: Nancy is cooking in order to entertain guests.
Complex: Nancy is cooking so that she can entertain guests.
Simple: They are playing to win the game.
Complex: They are playing so that they can win the game.
Simple: Anika walked fast to catch the train.
Complex: Anika walked fast so that she could catch the train.
Simple: We eat to live. We eat so that we can live.
মনে রেখো:
- ✅ Present Tense-এ → can / may ✅ Past Tense-এ → could / might ✅ 1st Clause-এর Subject যদি Noun হয় → so that-এর পরে সেই Noun-এর Pronoun বসাও
Murad → he | Nancy → she | They → they
Rule 7: Object-এর পরে V+ing / V3 (Participle) থাকলে=who/which + is/are/was/were + V+ing/V3 বসে।
সহজ কথায় বোঝো:
যখন Sentence-এ Subject + Verb + Object (Noun) + V+ing/V3 Structure থাকে, তখন Complex-এ Object-এর পরে who/which + was/were + V+ing/V3 বসে।
Step-by-Step নিয়ম:
- Step 1: Object (Noun) টি খুঁজে বের করো
- Step 2: Object-এর পরে Relative Pronoun বসাও:
- Object যদি ব্যক্তি হয় → who
- Object যদি বস্তু / প্রাণী / শিশু হয় → which
- Step 3: Tense অনুযায়ী was / were বসাও
- Step 4: V+ing / V3 এবং বাকি অংশ বসাও
গঠন :Subject + Verb + Object + who/which + is/are/was/were + V1+ing/V3 + বাকি অংশ
Examples:
Simple: Sharmin found the baby crying.
Complex:Sharmin found the baby which was crying.
Simple: Mina found the chair broken.
Complex:Mina found the chair which was broken.
Simple: I saw a man reading a book.
Complex: I saw a man who was reading a book.
Simple: I saw a beautiful girl dancing on the stage.
Complex:I saw a beautiful girl who was dancing on the stage.
মনে রেখো:
- ✅ ব্যক্তি (Person) → who ✅ বস্তু/প্রাণী/শিশু → which ✅ Past Tense-এ → was/were | Present Tense-এ → is/are
Rule 8: Adjective + Noun Structure থাকলে= who/which + was/is
সহজ কথায় বোঝো: Sentence-এ যখন Adjective + Noun একসাথে থাকে (যেমন: beautiful lady, hard-working boy), তখন Complex-এ Noun টি আগে এবং Adjective পরে who/which + was/is দিয়ে বসে।
Step-by-Step নিয়ম:
- Step 1: Adjective এবং Noun আলাদা করো
- Step 2: আগে Noun বসাও, তারপর Relative Pronoun বসাও:
- ব্যক্তি হলে → who
- বস্তু / প্রাণী হলে → which
- Step 3: Tense অনুযায়ী was/is/are/were বসাও
- Step 4: Adjective বসাও
গঠন : Subject + Verb + Article + Noun + who/which+ was/is/are/were + Adjective
Examples:
Simple: They saw a beautiful lady.
Complex:They saw a lady who was beautiful.
Simple: I meet a hard-working boy.
Complex:I meet a boy who is working hard.
Simple: Nipa bought a very beautiful dress.
Complex:Nipa bought a dress which was very beautiful.
Special Case — Subject-এর গুণ বা দোষ বোঝালে:
Formula: It + Be Verb + Subject + who/which + Verb + বাকি অংশ
Simple: She is a beautiful lady.
Complex: It is she who is a beautiful lady.
Simple: Health is wealth.
Complex: It is health which is wealth.
Simple: Time is money.
Complex:It is time which is money.
মনে রেখো:
- ✅ Subject ব্যক্তি হলে → who | Subject বস্তু হলে → which ✅ “It is + Subject + who/which” — এই structure টি Subject Emphasis বোঝায়
Rule 9: নির্দিষ্ট সময়, ঘড়ির সময় বা বয়স থাকলে
সহজ কথায় বোঝো: Sentence-এ বয়স (age) বা নির্দিষ্ট সময়/সাল থাকলে Complex-এ when দিয়ে নতুন Clause তৈরি হয়।
দুটি আলাদা নিয়ম:
বয়স (Age) থাকলে:
- Step 1: “at / at the age of” বাদ দাও
- Step 2: when + Subject (1st Clause অনুযায়ী) + was/were + বয়স বসাও+বাকি অংশ বসাও।
Simple:Samin came here at the age of four.
Complex:Samin came here when she was four.
Simple:Rita was married off at the age of 19.
Complex:Rita was married off when she was 19.
Simple:He died at 80.
Complex:He died when he was 80.
নির্দিষ্ট সময় / সাল থাকলে:
- Step 1: “in / at / on / during / in the” বাদ দাও
- Step 2: when + it + was + সময়/সাল বসাও+ বাকি অংশ বসাও।
Simple Complex
মনে রেখো:
✅ বয়স → when + Subject (ব্যক্তি) + was ✅ সময়/সাল → when + it + was ✅ সময় নির্দেশক Preposition (in, at, on, during) বাদ দিতে হবে
Simple to Complex Sentences
Questions And Answers
Simple: I could not attend the class on account of my illness.
Complex: As/Since I was ill, I could not attend the class.
Simple: He is working hard to get a prize.
Complex: He is working hard so that he can/may get a prize.
Simple: He is working day and night to finish writing the book.
Complex: He is working day and night so that he can finish writing the book.
Simple: Knowledge is power.
Complex: It is knowledge which is power.
Simple: He is too lazy to shine in life.
Complex: He is so lazy that he cannot shine in life.
Simple: I dislike him for his laziness.
Complex: I dislike him because he is lazy.
Simple: They saw the lame man lying on the road.
Complex: They saw the lame man who was lying on the road.
Simple: Finding the door unlocked, the thief entered the house.
Complex: As/Since the thief found the door unlocked, he entered the house.
Simple: Ruma and Samin are beautiful girls.
Complex: Ruma and Samin are girls who are beautiful.
Simple: I found her operating a computer.
Complex: I found that she was operating a computer.
Simple: The tea being very hot, I could not take it.
Complex: As/Since the tea was very hot, I could not take it.
Simple: The sun having set, we all returned home.
Complex: As soon as the sun set, we all returned home. / No sooner had the sun set than we all returned home.
Simple: Reaching the station, I bought a ticket.
Complex: When I reached the station, I bought a ticket.
Simple: We eat to live.
Complex: We eat so that we can/may live.
Simple: The load is too heavy for Murad to lift up.
Complex: The load is so heavy for Murad that he cannot lift it up.
Simple: In spite of working hard, he failed to improve his lot.
Complex: Though he worked hard, he failed to improve his lot.
Simple: We visited London city in summer.
Complex: We visited London city when it was summer.
Simple: They go to their village in spring.
Complex: They go to their village when it is spring.
Simple: The boy came to the orphanage at 2.
Complex: The boy came to the orphanage when he was 2.
Simple: I do not know the price of the watch.
Complex: I do not know what the price of the watch is.
Simple: He revealed the truth.
Complex: He revealed what was true. / It is he who revealed the truth.
Simple: I wish you every success.
Complex: I wish that you can/may succeed everywhere.
Simple: He admitted his fault.
Complex: He admitted that he was at fault.
Simple: I want him to be a doctor.
Complex: I want that he becomes a doctor.
Simple: The report of his illness is true.
Complex: The report that he is ill is true.
Simple: I ordered coffee for my guest.
Complex: It was I who ordered coffee for my guest.
Simple: I am in need of a good dictionary.
Complex: I am in need of a book which is a good dictionary.
Simple: Our present house is comfortable.
Complex: The house where we live at present is comfortable.
Simple: We work hard to attain success in our lives.
Complex: We work hard so that we can attain success in our lives.
Simple: My friend came to me to get help from us.
Complex: My friend came to me so that he could get help from us.
Simple: Realizing the effects of anger, we should try to be emotionally balanced. Complex: We should try to be emotionally balanced after we realize/have realized/if we realize the effects of anger.
Simple: Pahela Boishakh is undoubtedly the most celebrated festival in Bangladesh.
Complex: There is no doubt that Pahela Boishakh is the most celebrated festival in Bangladesh.
Simple: The farmers do not get the facilities necessary for food production. Complex: The farmers do not get the facilities which are necessary for food production.
Simple: The target of a frugal man is to save money for the future.
Complex: The man who is frugal has a target to save money for the future. / A frugal man has a target so that he can/may save money for the future.
Simple: People are peace-loving.
Complex: It is people who are peace-loving. / They are the people who love peace.
Simple: Life becomes dull without recreation.
Complex: Life becomes dull if it has no recreation.
Simple: Cox’s Bazar seabeach is the longest seabeach in the world.
Complex: It is Cox’s Bazar which is the longest seabeach in the world.
Simple: In order to be healthy, we have to take a balanced diet every day. Complex: If we want to be healthy, we have to take a balanced diet every day. / We have to take a balanced diet so that we may be healthy.
Simple: In winter, the weather is too cold for the migratory birds to live in the North.
Complex: In winter, the weather is so cold that the migratory birds cannot live in the North.
Simple: Jerry’s mother visited him at the orphanage in autumn.
Complex: Jerry’s mother visited him at the orphanage when it was autumn.
Simple: Immediately after receiving the news, the prince came with a large army. Complex: No sooner had the prince received the news than he came with a large army.
Simple: An industrious boy will shine in life.
Complex: A boy who is industrious will shine in life.
Simple: We should create public awareness to solve the problem of dowry. Complex: We should create public awareness so that we can/may solve the problem of dowry.
Simple: They come here to enjoy themselves.
Complex: They come here so that they can enjoy themselves.
Simple: The ignorant drivers always have a tendency to overtake.
Complex: The drivers who are ignorant always have a tendency to overtake.