What Is Pronoun Reference?

Pronoun reference হলো একটি pronoun এবং তার আগে ব্যবহৃত noun (antecedent)-এর মধ্যে সম্পর্ক।

বাক্যকে স্পষ্ট করতে হলে pronoun যেন একটিমাত্র noun-কে নির্দেশ করে। যদি pronoun ও noun-এর সম্পর্ক অস্পষ্ট হয় বা সংখ্যা ও লিঙ্গে মিল না থাকে, তবে বাক্যটি ভুল ও বিভ্রান্তিকর হয়ে পড়ে।

যখন কোনো সর্বনাম (যেমন— he, she, it, they, this, that, which ইত্যাদি) স্পষ্টভাবে জানায় না যে সেটি কোন বিশেষ্যকে নির্দেশ করছে, তখন তাকে বলা হয় Unclear Pronoun Reference বা অস্পষ্ট সর্বনাম নির্দেশ।

How Pronoun Reference Works

A pronoun (যেমন — he, she, it, they) noun-এর জায়গায় বসে একই শব্দ বারবার না বলার জন্য ব্যবহৃত হয়।

যে noun-কে pronoun নির্দেশ করে, তাকে বলে antecedent। সাধারণত antecedent pronoun-এর আগে থাকে।

 Example:

The old man smiled as he listened to the marching band.

 Here, he is the pronoun, and the old man is its antecedent.

“He” শব্দটি “the old man”-এর পরিবর্তে এসেছে, তাই “the old man” হলো antecedent।

 Rules to Ensure Correct Pronoun Reference

Clarity (স্পষ্টতা)

• Pronoun যেন শুধুমাত্র একটি noun-এর প্রতিই ইঙ্গিত করে।
• যদি pronoun একাধিক noun-এর দিকে ইঙ্গিত করতে পারে, তাহলে বাক্য অস্পষ্ট হয়ে যায়।

Agreement (সঙ্গতি)

Pronoun ও antecedent-এর মধ্যে number (একবচন/বহুবচন) এবং gender (লিঙ্গ) মিলতে হবে।

যেমন:

•  Each student must bring his or her pen. (not their pen)

Proximity (নিকটতা)

• Pronoun যেন তার antecedent-এর কাছাকাছি থাকে, যাতে পাঠক সহজে বুঝতে পারেন pronoun কাকে বোঝাচ্ছে।

 Common Errors in Pronoun Reference (সাধারণ ভুলসমূহ)

Vague or Ambiguous Reference (অস্পষ্ট বা দ্ব্যর্থক রেফারেন্স)

•  Incorrect: Jane told Ruth that she had to leave.  (Who had to leave—Jane or Ruth?)
•  Correct: Jane told Ruth, “You have to leave.” or Jane told Ruth that Jane had to leave.
• “She” বলতে কাকে বোঝানো হয়েছে তা স্পষ্ট নয়। সংশোধিত বাক্যে “You” বা “Jane” ব্যবহার করে অর্থ পরিষ্কার করা হয়েছে।

No Antecedent (Antecedent অনুপস্থিত)

• Incorrect: On the news, it said the president died.  এখানে “it” কোনো noun-এর প্রতিই ইঙ্গিত করছে না।
•  Correct: The news reported that the president died. “It” শব্দটির আগে কোনো noun নেই, তাই বাক্যটি ভুল। “The news” ব্যবহার করায় অর্থ স্পষ্ট হয়েছে।

Incorrect Agreement (সঙ্গতির ভুল)

•  Incorrect: Samin and Sara were standing by the glass door drinking a cup of tea when it broke.  “It” বলতে কী ভাংলো —glass door না cup of tea?
•  Correct: Samin and Sara were standing by the glass door drinking tea when the cup broke. “It” কোন বস্তুকে বোঝাচ্ছে তা অস্পষ্ট। “The cup” ব্যবহার করায় অর্থ পরিষ্কার হয়েছে।

 Unclear vs. Clear Pronoun Reference Examples

 Example 1

• Unclear: The teacher spoke to the student after she missed the class. “She” বলতে শিক্ষক না ছাত্র, বোঝা যায় না।
•  Clear: After the student missed the class, the teacher spoke to her. দ্বিতীয় বাক্যে “her” স্পষ্টভাবে “student”-কে বোঝাচ্ছে।

Example 2

•  Unclear: When Rina met her sister, she was angry.  “She” বলতে কে—Rina না তার বোন?
•  Clear: Rina was angry when she met her sister. or When Rina met her sister, her sister was angry. “She” কার প্রতি ইঙ্গিত করছে তা অস্পষ্ট। পরিবর্তিত বাক্যে স্পষ্ট করা হয়েছে।

 Example 3

•  Unclear: Ali told Karim that he needed to study harder.  “He” বলতে Ali না Karim?
•  Clear: Ali told Karim that Karim needed to study harder. or Ali said that he himself needed to study harder. “He” শব্দটি দ্ব্যর্থক; সংশোধিত বাক্যে নাম ব্যবহার করে অর্থ স্পষ্ট করা হয়েছে।

Example 4

• Unclear: After the teacher scolded the boy, he started crying. কে কাঁদল—teacher না boy?
•  Clear: After the teacher scolded the boy, the boy started crying. দ্বিতীয় বাক্যে “the boy” ব্যবহার করে দ্ব্যর্থতা দূর করা হয়েছে।

 Example 5

•  Unclear: Sara lent her book to Mina because she lost it.  “She” বলতে কে—Sara না Mina?
•  Clear: Sara lent her book to Mina because Mina lost her own. “She” অস্পষ্ট। “Mina lost her own” লিখে অর্থ স্পষ্ট করা হয়েছে।

সারাংশ:

Pronoun reference সঠিক রাখতে হলে —

•  Pronoun যেন একটিমাত্র noun-এর প্রতিই ইঙ্গিত করে।
•  Pronoun ও noun-এর মধ্যে সংখ্যা ও লিঙ্গে সঙ্গতি থাকতে হবে।
•  Pronoun যেন noun-এর কাছেই থাকে।

Final Tip for Learners

• Always make sure your pronoun points clearly to one specific noun.
• If there’s even a little confusion, it’s better to repeat the noun instead of using a pronoun.
• সবসময় খেয়াল রাখো — pronoun যেন একটিমাত্র noun-এর প্রতিই নির্দেশ করে।
• যদি অর্থ অস্পষ্ট হয়, তবে pronoun বাদ দিয়ে noun-ই ব্যবহার করা শ্রেয়।

 Why It’s Wrong (কেন ভুল হয়)

1. The pronoun may refer to more than one noun.

→ উদাহরণ: When Rina met Mina, she smiled. (Who smiled? Rina না Mina?)

2. The pronoun may not have a clear noun before it.

→ উদাহরণ: It says that honesty is the best policy. (What is it?)

3. The pronoun may be too far from its noun.

→ পাঠক বুঝতে পারে না, কোন শব্দের জন্য সর্বনামটি ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।

How to Fix It (কীভাবে ঠিক করা যায়)

•  Replace the pronoun with a specific noun.
•  Make sure the pronoun clearly matches its noun in number and gender.
•  Avoid using a pronoun if it creates confusion.

 Examples:

1          Unclear: When Rina met Mina, she smiled.  Clear: When Rina met Mina, Rina smiled.   রিনা যখন মিনার সাথে দেখা করল, রিনা হাসল।

2          Unclear: The teacher spoke to the student before he entered the room.            Clear: The teacher spoke to the student before the teacher entered the room.            শিক্ষক শিক্ষার্থীর সঙ্গে কথা বললেন, তারপর শিক্ষক ঘরে ঢুকলেন।

3          Unclear: The book was very old, so I didn’t read it.  Clear: The book was very old, so I didn’t read the book. বইটি খুব পুরোনো ছিল, তাই আমি বইটি পড়িনি।

4          Unclear: Bangladesh is a small country, but it has a big population. Clear: Bangladesh is a small country, but the country has a big population.           বাংলাদেশ একটি ছোট দেশ, কিন্তু এই দেশটির জনসংখ্যা অনেক।

5          Unclear: My brother and I went to the market, but he didn’t buy anything.            Clear: My brother and I went to the market, but my brother didn’t buy anything.         আমি ও আমার ভাই বাজারে গেলাম, কিন্তু আমার ভাই কিছুই কিনল না।

 Tips (সহজ টিপস)

1. সর্বনামের আগে noun স্পষ্টভাবে লিখুন।
2. দুটি বা তার বেশি নাম থাকলে সর্বনাম ব্যবহার এড়ান।
3. সর্বনামটি number (singular/plural) এবং gender অনুযায়ী ব্যবহার করুন।
4. “It”, “this”, “that”, “they” ব্যবহারে সতর্ক থাকুন — এগুলো প্রায়ই অস্পষ্ট হয়।

Practice Exercise (চর্চা)

Rewrite the following sentences by making the pronoun reference clear 

1. When Rafi met Sumi, she gave him a gift.
2. The box was beside the bag, but it was broken.
3. Rahim called Karim after he reached home.
4. My sister told my mother that she was tired.
5. The students spoke to the teacher because they were confused.

Answers (উত্তর)

1. When Rafi met Sumi, Sumi gave him a gift.
2. The box was beside the bag, but the box was broken.
3. Rahim called Karim after Rahim reached home.
4. My sister told my mother that my sister was tired.
5. The students spoke to the teacher because the students were confused.

Unclear and Clear Pronoun Examples

Pronoun Reference 1

Unclear: Education is a human right. Still, many people cannot access it properly.

Clear: Education is a human right. Still, many people cannot access education properly.

Pronoun Reference 2

Unclear: Education changes our destiny. In some countries, people have to struggle hard for it.

Clear: Education changes our destiny. In some countries, people have to struggle hard for education.

Pronoun Reference 3

Unclear: One of the greatest blessings in human life is education. Without it, no person can truly improve their life.

Clear: One of the greatest blessings in human life is education. Without education, no person can truly improve his or her life.

Pronoun Reference 4

Unclear: Bangladesh is improving its economy day by day, but still many people of it are living below the poverty line.

Clear: Bangladesh is improving its economy day by day, but still many people of Bangladesh are living below the poverty line.

Pronoun Reference 5

Unclear: The Bangladeshi people are brave. Many of them sacrificed their lives to gain it.

Clear: The Bangladeshi people are brave. Many of them sacrificed their lives to gain independence.

Pronoun Reference 6

Unclear: Independence is a glorious event in our history. People love it more than anything else.

Clear: Independence is a glorious event in our history. People love their motherland more than anything else.

Pronoun Reference 7

Unclear: Illiteracy is a dark curse. We should all try to remove it.

Clear: Illiteracy is a dark curse. We should all try to remove illiteracy.

Pronoun Reference 8

Unclear: Travelling helps us to learn about new cultures. From it, we gain a wide experience of the world.

Clear: Travelling helps us to learn about new cultures. From travelling, we gain a wide experience of the world.

Pronoun Reference 9

Unclear: Women play an equal role in society. We must not humiliate her in any way.

Clear: Women play an equal role in society. We must not humiliate them in any way.

Pronoun Reference 10

Unclear: Books are our best friends. We can learn countless things from it.

Clear: Books are our best friends. We can learn countless things from them.

Pronoun Reference 11

Unclear: Population can be a great resource if we can train them properly.

Clear: Population can be a great resource if we can train our people properly.

Pronoun Reference 12

Unclear: Teaching is a respected profession through whom knowledge spreads.

Clear: Teaching is a respected profession through which knowledge spreads.

Pronoun Reference 13

Unclear: Teachers often face humiliation from politicians though you deserve respect.

Clear: Teachers often face humiliation from politicians though they deserve respect.

Pronoun Reference 14

Unclear: English medium students usually admire western culture more than their own.

Clear: English medium students usually admire western culture more than Bangladeshi culture.

Pronoun Reference 15

Unclear: Life becomes miserable when you do not manage it properly.

Clear: Life becomes miserable when we do not manage life properly.

Pronoun Reference 16

Unclear: According to Aristotle, virtue is essential for happiness. We can achieve this by practice.

Clear: According to Aristotle, virtue is essential for happiness. We can achieve the virtue by practice.

Pronoun Reference 17

Unclear: Shakespearean tragedies are full of sorrow. We cannot help feeling pity for it.

Clear: Shakespearean tragedies are full of sorrow. We cannot help feeling pity for them.

Pronoun Reference 18

Unclear: Bangladesh is rich in rivers. Their economy mostly depends on agriculture.

Clear: Bangladesh is rich in rivers. Her economy mostly depends on agriculture.

Pronoun Reference 19

Unclear: Life without aim is useless. Without it, success is impossible.

Clear: Life without an aim is useless. Without an aim, success is impossible.

Pronoun Reference 20

Unclear: The Taj Mahal is a famous monument. They built it in memory of Mumtaz Mahal.

Clear: The Taj Mahal is a famous monument. He built it in memory of Mumtaz Mahal.

Pronoun Reference 21

Unclear: Plant absorbs minerals through roots. If they don’t get enough, growth is poor.

Clear: Plants absorb minerals through roots. If a plant doesn’t get enough, its growth is poor.

Pronoun Reference 22

Unclear: A price hike creates problems in society. This must be solved immediately.

Clear: A price hike creates problems in society. The problem must be solved immediately.

Pronoun Reference 23

Unclear: People shiver during a stormy night. Thunder frightens them deeply.

Clear: People shiver during a stormy night. Thunder frightens the people deeply.

Pronoun Reference 24

Unclear: An ecosystem is a system where plants and animals live together. This keeps the balance of nature.

Clear: An ecosystem is a system where plants and animals live together. It keeps the balance of nature.

Pronoun Reference 25

Unclear: The students were happy after the exam because they found it easy.

Clear: The students were happy after the exam because they found the question paper easy.

Pronoun Reference 26

Unclear: Rahim and Karim went to the library, but he didn’t borrow any book.

Clear: Rahim and Karim went to the library, but Rahim didn’t borrow any book. (Now the reference is clear.)

Pronoun Reference 26

Unclear: Bangladesh is blessed with many rivers, but they often cause floods during the rainy season.

Clear: Bangladesh is blessed with many rivers, but these rivers often cause floods during the rainy season.

Pronoun Reference 27

Unclear: Every student should do his duty. If they do so, success will come.

Clear: Every student should do his or her duty. If he or she does so, success will come.

Pronoun Reference 28

Unclear: A teacher should guide students properly. They should respect him in return.

Clear: A teacher should guide students properly. Students should respect their teacher in return.

Pronoun Reference 29

Unclear: The baby cried because she was hungry, and her mother fed it.

Clear: The baby cried because she was hungry, and her mother fed the baby.

Pronoun Reference 30

Unclear: The river flows silently through the forest, and it makes the place beautiful.

Clear: The river flows silently through the forest, and the river makes the place beautiful.

Pronoun Reference 31

Unclear: The computer stopped working because it was too old.

Clear: The computer stopped working because the device was too old.

Pronoun Reference 32

Unclear: The students could not finish the homework because they were too difficult.

Clear: The students could not finish the homework because the exercises were too difficult.

Pronoun Reference 33

Unclear: My brother bought a car. He likes it very much.

Clear: My brother bought a car. He likes the car very much.

Pronoun Reference 34

Unclear: The teacher praised the girl because she was honest.

Clear: The teacher praised the girl because the girl was honest. (Avoids ambiguity if more than one female was mentioned.)

Pronoun Reference 35

Unclear: The birds were flying high in the sky. Suddenly they disappeared.

Clear: The birds were flying high in the sky. Suddenly the birds disappeared.

Pronoun Reference 36

Unclear: The cat ran after the rat, but it escaped quickly.

Clear: The cat ran after the rat, but the rat escaped quickly.

Pronoun Reference 37

Unclear: My friend lent me his pen, but I lost it.

Clear: My friend lent me his pen, but I lost the pen.

Pronoun Reference 38

Unclear: The government has started new projects, and they will help the poor.

Clear: The government has started new projects, and these projects will help the poor.

Pronoun Reference 39

Unclear: The doctor spoke to the patient before he entered the operation room.

Clear: The doctor spoke to the patient before the doctor entered the operation room. (Otherwise “he” could mean either one.)

Pronoun Reference 40

Unclear: The manager called the workers because they were late.

Clear: The manager called the workers because the workers were late.

Pronoun Reference 41

Unclear: My parents are old, so I take care of them carefully.

Clear: My parents are old, so I take care of my parents carefully.

Pronoun Reference 42

Unclear: The moon looks beautiful tonight. It is shining brightly.

Clear: The moon looks beautiful tonight. The moon is shining brightly.

Pronoun Reference 43

Unclear: The tree lost its leaves during winter, but they will grow again in spring.

Clear: The tree lost its leaves during winter, but new leaves will grow again in spring.

Pronoun Reference 44

Unclear: People love to visit Cox’s Bazar because it has the world’s longest sea beach.

Clear: People love to visit Cox’s Bazar because the city has the world’s longest sea beach.

Pronoun Reference 45

Unclear: Rina met Mina near the gate, but she didn’t talk long.

Clear: Rina met Mina near the gate, but Rina didn’t talk long. (Clarifies who didn’t talk.)

Pronoun Reference 46

Unclear: My dog followed me everywhere. I loved it dearly.

Clear: My dog followed me everywhere. I loved my dog dearly.

Pronoun Reference 47

Unclear: The sky became dark, and soon it started to rain.

Clear: The sky became dark, and soon the sky started to rain.

Pronoun Reference 48

Unclear: The team played well. They won the match easily.

Clear: The team played well. The players won the match easily.

Exam Preparation

1. War Paragraph

unclear pronouns

War has many destructive impacts and can never bring any good to human civilization. These create havoc by destroying property, taking lives, and crushing the dreams of its victims. Some selfish and warmongering individuals try to incite war to gain benefits and satisfy his whims, neglecting the dreams, hopes, and aspirations of others. Because of the selfishness, whims, and ego of these unwise people, innocent individuals have to suffer. Here, they are responsible for the suffering of them. In any case, for the greater benefit of civilization, we must raise our voices against it and emphasize diplomacy to resolve conflicts.

clear pronouns

War has many destructive impacts and can never bring any good to human civilization. It creates havoc by destroying property, taking lives, and crushing the dreams of its victims. Some selfish and warmongering individuals try to incite war to gain benefits and satisfy their whims, neglecting the dreams, hopes, and aspirations of others. Because of the selfishness, whims, and ego of these unwise people, innocent individuals have to suffer. Here, those people are responsible for the suffering of innocent individuals. In any case, for the greater benefit of civilization, we must raise our voices against war and emphasize diplomacy to resolve conflicts.

2. Graffiti Paragraph

unclear pronouns

Graffiti is a form of art who are created in public spaces like walls, buildings, and streets. This often delivers powerful messages, expressing opinions or protesting against injustices. Graffiti allows people to express his thoughts and emotions creatively. During the July Revolution of 2024 in our country, graffiti became a vital tool for protest and all the mass people later took part in it. After the assassination of a student activist named Abu Sayeed in Rangpur, students painted a mural with the words, “Who will bring justice for the murder of martyr Abu Sayeed?” Although the mural was removed the next morning, it left a lasting impression. Students painted Part walls to honor martyrs and support the revolution. The movement got the momentum because of it.

clear pronouns

Graffiti is a form of art that is created in public spaces like walls, buildings, and streets. It often delivers powerful messages, expressing opinions or protesting against injustices. Graffiti allows people to express their thoughts and emotions creatively. During the July Revolution of 2024 in our country, graffiti became a vital tool for protest, and all the mass people later took part in this movement. After the assassination of a student activist named Abu Sayeed in Rangpur, students painted a mural with the words, “Who will bring justice for the murder of martyr Abu Sayeed?” Although the mural was removed the next morning, the artwork left a lasting impression. Students painted various walls to honor martyrs and support the revolution. The movement gained momentum because of graffiti.

3. Dengue Paragraph

unclear pronouns

Dengue is a painful, debilitating mosquito-borne disease. Symptoms of it include sudden high fever, severe headache, joint and muscle pain, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, skin rash and mild bleeding. This may progress to massive bleeding, shock, and death. There is no specific treatment for dengue infected people. Doctors generally suggest them to take rest and drink plenty of fluids. The best way to lessen the risk of Dengue infection is to reduce the production of Aedes mosquitoes. We can do them by taking effective measures such as keeping one’s living places and neighborhoods clean.

clear pronouns

Dengue is a painful, debilitating mosquito-borne disease. Its symptoms include sudden high fever, severe headache, joint and muscle pain, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, skin rash, and mild bleeding. The disease may progress to massive bleeding, shock, and death. There is no specific treatment for dengue-infected people. Doctors generally suggest patients take rest and drink plenty of fluids. The best way to lessen the risk of dengue infection is to reduce the production of Aedes mosquitoes. We can do this by taking effective measures such as keeping our living places and neighborhoods clean.

4. Padma Bridge Paragraph

unclear pronouns

Once two friends, Sakib and Sami decided to visit the largest bridge in Bangladesh, the Padma Bridge. As planned, the two friends hired a private car and started it from Dhaka early in the morning on a Friday. On their way, it suddenly stopped. The driver which was driving the car was unable to start the engine. Actually, it was very old and had some technical problems. Sakib and Sami were annoyed. He was very keen on visiting the Padma Bridge. But the plan went in vain. They had to come back without visiting it.

clear pronouns

Once two friends, Sakib and Sami, decided to visit the largest bridge in Bangladesh — the Padma Bridge. As planned, the two friends hired a private car and started their journey from Dhaka early in the morning on a Friday. On their way, the car suddenly stopped. The driver, who was driving the car, was unable to start the engine. Actually, the vehicle was very old and had some technical problems. Sakib and Sami were annoyed. Both of them were very keen on visiting the Padma Bridge. But the plan went in vain. They had to come back without visiting the bridge.

5.Babies and Parents

Unclear:

Babies are the apples of its parents’ eyes. They take care of the habies with divine love. The term baby applied to the newborn from the birth to around one year. This cannot speak but can express the emotions with gestures and vocal sounds. When he learns to walk, people call him a toddler.

Clear:

Babies are the apples of their parents’ eyes. The parents take care of the babies with divine love. The term ‘baby’ is applied to a newborn from birth to around one year. A baby cannot speak but can express emotions with gestures and vocal sounds. When the baby learns to walk, people call it a toddler.

6.Education and Democracy

Unclear:

There is a close relationship between education and democracy. Education is the precondition of promoting it. To is an alternative to it. However, a democratic government not faultless. Like other forms of government, it has also some deficiencies. To correct these, free and fair election, independent judicial system and freedom of press must be ensured. An autocratic government tries to control them.

Clear:

There is a close relationship between education and democracy. Education is the precondition of promoting democracy. To develop democracy, there is no alternative to education. However, a democratic government is not faultless. Like other forms of government, a democratic government has some deficiencies. To correct these deficiencies, free and fair elections, an independent judiciary, and freedom of the press must be ensured. An autocratic government tries to control these institutions.

7.Ministers’ Meeting

Unclear:

Each of the ministers was invited to the cabinet meeting to state their proposals and each of it did so. Neither of them was accepted by the Prime Minister. So, it ended without any decision. But before that the Prime Minister proposed to the ministers that he should sit for another day.

Clear:

Each of the ministers was invited to the cabinet meeting to state his or her proposals and each of them did so. Neither of the proposals was accepted by the Prime Minister. So, the meeting ended without any decision. But before that, the Prime Minister proposed to the ministers that they should sit for another day.

8.Plastic Bags

Unclear:

Plastic bags are used for various purposes. The most common use of it is to carry grocery items. These are easily available in the market and thus used extensively. However, disposing these bags is a big issue as those are non-biodegradable. Plastic bags are harming your environment. It must be banned in order to save it from their harmful effects.

Clear:

Plastic bags are used for various purposes. The most common use of these bags is to carry grocery items. They are easily available in the market and thus used extensively. However, disposing these bags is a big issue as they are non-biodegradable. Plastic bags are harming our environment. The use of plastic bags must be banned in order to save the environment from their harmful effects.

9.MV Abdullah

Unclear:

There were 23 crew members which were in great danger. On March 12, a group of them seized control of it as it was a route to Al Hamriyah Port.

Clear:

There were 23 crew members who were in great danger. On March 12, a group of Somalian pirates seized control of the ship (MV Abdullah) as it was on its route to Al Hamriyah Port in the United Arab Emirates.

10.Heatwave

Unclear:

Heatwave is a period of excessively hot weather and it is accompanied by high humidity. It endangers human health and makes human health difficult to adapt with the environment. Most often these diseases are so dangerous and harmful that they lead us to death.

Clear:

A heatwave is a period of excessively hot weather, and it is accompanied by high humidity. This weather endangers human health and makes it difficult to adapt to the environment. Most often these diseases are so dangerous and harmful that they lead people to death.

11.Monkey in Sitakunda

Unclear:

A monkey has become the talk of the locality that went to Sitakunda Upazila Health Complex… The medical officers received the monkey and started its treatment immediately. However, a physician dressed the wounds on the monkey, and it left the health complex by itself.

Clear:

A monkey has become the talk of the locality which went to Sitakunda Upazila Health Complex for treatment. The medical officers received the monkey and started its treatment immediately. However, a physician dressed its wounds, and the monkey left the health complex by itself.

12.Metro Rail Journey

Unclear:

My father collected it from the booth and after that, we went to the platform to board it. Within 10 minutes, we reached it.

Clear:

My father collected the tickets from the booth, and after that, we went to the platform to board the train. Within 10 minutes, we reached our destination.

13.Dengue

Unclear:

A kind of mosquito named Aedes carries it. Recently, Samma… She was diagnosed with Dengue yesterday. It is a common symptom among Dengue patients. I am sure Samma will feel good after seeing ourselves.

Clear:

A kind of mosquito named Aedes carries the virus. Recently, Samma… She was diagnosed with Dengue yesterday. High fever is a common symptom among Dengue patients. I am sure Samma will feel good after seeing us.

14.Experiential Learning

Unclear:

The teachers are unable to teach the students through this process because of many obstacles. Similarly, the students are too totally unaware of this process. Actually, it is the process of learning through experience.

Clear:

The teachers are unable to teach the students through the process of experiential learning because of many obstacles. Similarly, the students are still unaware of this process. Actually, experiential learning is the process of learning through experience.

Sure! Below are rewritten versions of paragraphs 43–49 from your question.
Each paragraph is rewritten with new wording to avoid plagiarism, while keeping the meaning the same.
After each paragraph, I’ve written the list of unclear → clear pronouns “at a glance.”
This version is SEO-friendly and written in clear, human-like English for student understanding.

15.Unclear Pronoun References 

Truthfulness leads a person toward success in life. A truthful individual is respected and loved by the people of society. Truly, an honest person is a blessing to his community. A person who remains truthful is remembered even after his death. Death cannot destroy his soul. In contrast, a liar is hated by everyone. Such a dishonest man becomes a burden to his society. Nobody remembers him after his death.

Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

1. its society → his society
2. which → who
3. him → his
4. its soul → his soul
5. them → him

16.Unclear Pronoun References 

A Chinese emperor once heard that the people of a province had rebelled against him. He called his generals and said that they would defeat the rebels. When the emperor reached the province, the rebels surrendered to him and asked for mercy. The generals expected that the emperor would command them to kill the prisoners. But they were amazed when he treated the rebels with kindness instead.

Clear Pronouns 

1. we → they (the generals and the emperor)
2. them → the rebels
3. they → the generals

17. Unclear Pronoun References 

Autism is a neurological condition that causes lifelong developmental challenges. Sadly, many children, both boys and girls, suffer from this disorder after birth. Children with autism differ greatly in their activities, abilities, and behaviour, and the symptoms may appear differently in each child. The pains and struggles of their parents know no bounds. Although autistic children behave differently from normal ones, society should never ignore them. We have a great duty toward these children.

Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

1. who → that
2. him → each child
3. those → their parents
4. them → these children

18.Unclear Pronoun References 

Women today are just as vital as men in society. They make up almost half of the total population. A country can never progress while keeping half of its people in ignorance. The development of a nation is impossible without improving the status of women. Besides, without education, women cannot move forward. Therefore, proper education must be given to women so that they can work equally with men in all development programs.

Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

1. She → They (women)
2. it → the nation
3. her → women
4. them → men

19.Unclear Pronoun References

Salam and Salma are brother and sister. They study in a nearby primary school. Salam is in class five, while his sister Salma studies in class three. Usually, they go to school by rickshaw because it is a few kilometres away from their house. Today, Salma is going to school with her father since her brother Salam is ill. Salam is taking medicine and resting in bed.

Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

1. her → his (for Salam)
2. they → Salam and Salma
3. his home → their house
4. he → Salam

20.Unclear Pronoun References (Rewritten and Corrected)

The Liberation War of Bangladesh is a historic event in the life of the nation. Bangladesh gained its freedom through immense sacrifice and bloodshed. Independence is the birthright of every person. On March 25, 1971, the Pakistani army attacked the unarmed people of Bangladesh. But the Bangalees were brave. They (freedom fighters) resisted the enemy with great courage for nine months. After nine months of fighting and sacrifice, the red sun of freedom rose on December 16, 1971. Now, we remember the martyrs with deep respect.

Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

1. She → Bangladesh
2. It → Independence
3. They → freedom fighters
4. them → the martyrs

21.Unclear Pronoun References

Startled by the loud shouts of the big man, the thieves ran away. One of them looked mockingly at Robin while escaping, but Robin remained calm. He was happy because he had saved the animal. Robin has always loved animals. Once, he even reported a neighbour to the police for throwing a cat out of the window. Instead of taking action, the police laughed at Robin and told him not to bother about such small issues.

Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

1. it → the animal
2. they → the police
3. him → Robin

22.Unclear Pronoun References

Honesty is one of the greatest virtues in life. It is honesty that brings true happiness and peace to a person’s life. Without honesty, no one can expect to live a noble life. Those who achieved greatness were always honest and sincere. They worked faithfully, lived with dignity, and died with honour. Their contributions to the world are unforgettable. Therefore, if anyone wants to be like these great people, they must remain honest. Remember, there is no shortcut to achieving a meaningful life.

Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

1. These → Those (great people)
2. His → Their
3. themselves → anyone / people

23.Unclear Pronoun References (Rewritten and Corrected)

A man once lived in a village who was deeply interested in learning English. He went to a teacher to improve his English though he was not very intelligent. The teacher tried his best to teach the student, but the man could learn only three English words—“yes,” “no,” and “very good.” Even though he did not understand their meanings, he used them frequently while speaking. The man did not realize that a little knowledge is dangerous, and soon he would suffer for it.

Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

1. him → the student
2. it → the situation
3. he (final) → the man

24.Unclear Pronoun References (Rewritten and Corrected)

The ancient Egyptians believed that after death, people would enter another world. They thought that in that next world, people would still need the same things they had on earth. The Egyptian kings possessed many precious treasures, and their subjects loved and respected their rulers deeply. So, the people buried those treasures with the dead kings to honour them.

Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

1. One → They (the Egyptians)
2. them → the dead kings
3. their kings → the rulers

25.Unclear Pronoun References

Travelling is an important part of education. It means going from one place to another to gain experience. A traveller can see new places and learn many new things. Some people dislike travelling, and this limits their vision and understanding. However, when a person visits different parts of the world, his or her knowledge becomes richer and more practical.

Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

1. These → Travelling
2. his → their / his or her
3. my knowledge → one’s knowledge

26.Unclear Pronoun References 

Education is the basic right of every human being. Yet, many people in our country are deprived of this right for various reasons. Because of a lack of education, they remain unaware and unskilled. As a result, they cannot improve their own lives or contribute to their society. If the citizens of a country are not properly educated, progress becomes impossible. The more we can educate our people, the more developed our nation will be. To build skilled human resources, the government has offered several facilities to expand primary and secondary education. We must ensure these opportunities for every child in the country.

Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

1. this → this right (education)
2. it → education
3. that → national progress
4. these → these opportunities

27.Unclear Pronoun References 

Sunlight is the main source of all energy on Earth. Every living organism depends on sunlight for survival. Green plants act as the producers in the ecosystem. All plants and animals within the ecosystem are connected in a sequence. Thus, a food chain is formed among these living beings. The energy of food is passed from the producers to other living organisms through several levels. This is known as the food chain.

Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

• this → sunlight
• it → the ecosystem
• these → living beings

28.Unclear Pronoun References (Rewritten and Corrected)

Books are wonderful friends of humankind. Through books, people can communicate with the great thinkers of the world. They are truly our best companions. Books introduce readers to life, society, and the universe. They are the mirrors that reflect the past, the present, and even the future. We learn about our ancestors’ ideas and achievements through these books. Books keep the memories of great people alive forever.

Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

1. them → readers
2. it → books
3. they → books

 29. Paragraph 

Teaching is a profession that is full of challenges. I want to be a teacher because I love working with children. However, my father argues that one cannot earn much money from this profession. He wants me to take care of our farms instead. But this idea does not inspire me, because I feel teaching gives me joy and purpose.

 Unclear Pronouns

1. who → unclear (refers to profession)
2. you → unclear (should be “I”)
3. it → unclear (teaching or profession?)
4. their → unclear (whose farms?)
5. this → unclear (refers to idea or teaching?)

 Clear Pronouns 

1. who → that (profession)
2. you → I (speaker)
3. it → this profession / teaching
4. their → our (family’s farms)
5. this → this idea

30. Paragraph

A cook once roasted a duck for his master. The duck looked so delicious that the cook could not resist eating one of its legs. When the master sat down to eat, he noticed the missing leg and asked the cook what had happened to it. The cook told his master that the duck had only one leg. The master disagreed, saying there was no such thing as a one-legged duck, but the cook stubbornly insisted that all ducks had only one leg.

Unclear Pronouns

1. he → unclear (cook or master?)
2. him → unclear (who asked whom?)
3. it → unclear (refers to leg or duck?)
4. it (again) → unclear (the duck or situation?)
5. his → unclear (whose master?)

 Clear Pronouns

1. he → the master
2. him → the cook
3. it → the missing leg
4. it (second) → the duck
5. his → the cook’s

31. Paragraph

On a hot summer day, a lion and a boar reached a small well at the same time to drink water. They started to quarrel fiercely about who should drink first. Soon, they began a deadly fight. While resting to regain strength, the lion noticed some vultures waiting nearby to eat whichever one of them died first. The lion and the boar immediately stopped fighting and said to each other, “It is wiser for us to be friends than to die and feed the vultures.”

 Unclear Pronouns 

1. They → unclear (lion and boar or vultures?)
2. them → unclear (who would die?)
3. it → unclear (who saw or what?)
4. they (last) → unclear (who stopped fighting?)
5. ourselves → unclear (who does it refer to?)

Clear Pronouns

1. They → the lion and the boar
2. them → the lion or the boar
3. it → the lion
4. they → the lion and the boar
5. ourselves → us (the lion and the boar)

32. Paragraph 

Life is full of struggles. Such struggles are normal because life is not a bed of roses. A person has to face many difficulties. Sometimes, he or she can overcome these challenges; sometimes, he or she fails. Even a person born with wealth has to deal with problems. If one cannot face these challenges bravely, his or her life becomes full of sorrows. Although people define life in different ways, everyone agrees that challenges are a natural part of human existence.

 Unclear Pronouns 

1. These → unclear (what are “these”?)
2. it → unclear (refers to life or struggle?)
3. he → unclear (who is “he”?)
4. them → unclear (refers to barriers or struggles?)
5. they → unclear (refers to who?)

 Clear Pronouns 

1. These → struggles
2. it → life
3. he → a person
4. them → those challenges
5. they → people

33. Paragraph (Rewritten with Clear Pronouns)

A stormy night is frightening and terrible. It causes great suffering for the people. During such a night, the sky becomes completely covered with dark clouds, and only the roar of the violent wind can be heard. The wind blows strongly from all directions. People become afraid of the storm’s loud noise. Along with the strong wind, there is lightning and thunder. These flashes and sounds fill people’s hearts with fear. Many think that the stormy night might be the end of their lives. Roofs are blown away, trees are uprooted, and countless houses are destroyed within a short time.

 Unclear Pronouns 

1. They → unclear (refers to what?)
2. it → unclear (storm or night?)
3. them → unclear (people or something else?)
4. whom → unclear (who are they?)
5. this → unclear (refers to night or sound?)

 Clear Pronouns 

1. They → stormy nights
2. it → the storm
3. them → people
4. whom → people
5. this → this storm

34. Paragraph 

Books are the means by which people communicate with the wise and great minds of the world. They are truly our best companions. Books introduce readers to life and the universe. They serve as mirrors reflecting the past, present, and even the future. Through books, we learn about the thoughts and deeds of our ancestors. Books help keep the memories of noble people alive forever.

 Unclear Pronouns 

1. them → unclear (refers to readers or books?)
2. it → unclear (book or medium?)
3. they → unclear (books or writers?)
4. these → unclear (books or ideas?)
5. they (again) → unclear (books or noble people?)

 Clear Pronouns 

1. them → readers
2. it → books
3. they → books
4. these → books
5. they (last) → books

35. Paragraph 

Sunlight is the main source of all energy on Earth. All living beings depend on sunlight for survival. Green plants are the producers of the ecosystem. Every plant and animal in the ecosystem is connected in a chain. Thus, a food chain is formed among these living beings. The flow of energy moves from the plants to other animals through several stages. This entire system is called the food chain.

 Unclear Pronouns 

1. this → unclear (refers to what?)
2. it → unclear (ecosystem or sunlight?)
3. these → unclear (plants or animals?)
4. they → unclear (plants or living beings?)
5. it (last) → unclear (chain or process?)

Clear Pronouns 

1. this → sunlight
2. it → the ecosystem
3. these → living beings
4. they → plants and animals
5. it → the food chain

36. Paragraph 

Travelling is a great way to gain knowledge. It means visiting different places to see new things and learn from experiences. By travelling, a person gets the opportunity to see the unseen and know the unknown. Some people dislike travelling, and this limits their knowledge. However, when someone travels to various regions, his or her mind becomes broad and enriched.

 Unclear Pronouns 

1. These → unclear (refers to what?)
2. This → unclear (travelling or process?)
3. one → unclear (who?)
4. his → unclear (whose knowledge?)
5. my → unclear (writer or general person?)

 Clear Pronouns 

1. These → travelling experiences
2. This → the act of travelling
3. one → a person
4. his → the traveller’s
5. my → one’s / the traveller’s

 Paragraph 37

Theme: Honesty and Perseverance

Honesty and perseverance are essential qualities for anyone who wants to succeed in life. Without honesty, one cannot expect respect from others. Without perseverance, success cannot be maintained because it requires continuous effort. Honesty and perseverance complement each other and together bring the best results.

 Unclear Pronouns:

1. It cannot expect respect from others.
2. They complement the other.
3. Its combination brings the best result.
4. Without it, you cannot maintain success.
5. Them go hand in hand.

 Clear Pronouns:

1. Honesty cannot expect respect from others.
2. Honesty and perseverance complement each other.
3. Their combination brings the best result.
4. Without perseverance, success cannot be maintained.
5. Honesty and perseverance go hand in hand.

 Paragraph 38

Theme: Parents as Friends of Children

Rewritten Version:
When a child is born, he is completely helpless. It is his parents who step forward to help him. Therefore, parents are the best friends of children. Children are greatly cared for by their parents.

 Unclear Pronouns:

1. He is helpless.
2. It is his parents who help.
3. Them are cared for by parents.
4. They come forward to help.
5. Their love is unmatched.

 Clear Pronouns:

1. The child is helpless.
2. His parents help him.
3. Children are cared for by their parents.
4. Parents come forward to help their child.
5. Parents’ love is unmatched.

 Paragraph 39

Theme: Poor Woman and Buddha

A poor woman went to Buddha and asked if he could provide medicine to bring her dead child back to life. Buddha was deeply moved by her plea. He explained that there was one medicine capable of reviving her son: a handful of mustard seeds from a house where death had never occurred. The sorrowful mother went from door to door searching for the seeds, but when she could not find them, she returned to Buddha and informed him.

 Unclear Pronouns:

1. He could give her medicine.
2. It was a handful of mustard seeds.
3. Her went from door to door.
4. She came back to Buddha.
5. Him was informed about the failure.

 Clear Pronouns:

1. Buddha could give her medicine.
2. The medicine was a handful of mustard seeds.
3. The sorrowful mother went from door to door.
4. The mother came back to Buddha.
5. Buddha was informed by the mother.

 Paragraph 40

Theme: Identifying the Main Idea

Questions are set to assess the ability to comprehend a passage and answer questions based on it. One must read the passage carefully to identify its main idea. If learners are not clear about the main idea, it becomes difficult for them to answer questions correctly. Most questions are based on the main idea of the passage.

 Unclear Pronouns:

1. It is difficult if learners don’t understand.
2. They are based on the main idea.
3. Them is difficult to answer questions.
4. Its main idea must be understood.
5. Themselves cannot answer correctly.

Clear Pronouns:

1. Answering the questions is difficult if learners don’t understand.
2. The questions are based on the main idea.
3. Learners find it difficult to answer questions.
4. The passage’s main idea must be understood.
5. Learners cannot answer correctly without understanding.

Paragraph 41

Theme: Clever Fox and its Tail

Once, a clever fox fell into a trap while walking through the jungle but managed to escape at the cost of its tail. Without the tail, the fox looked strange and ugly. It felt sad and ashamed and devised a plan to solve its problem. The fox invited all other foxes to a meeting and suggested they cut off their tails to avoid such useless appendages. The other foxes agreed without delay.

 Unclear Pronouns:

1. Fell into a trap but managed to get out at the cost of its.
2. Without it, he looked strange.
3. He made a plan to solve it.
4. Suggested they cut them off.
5. They wanted to cut off it.

 Clear Pronouns:

1. Fell into a trap but managed to get out at the cost of the fox’s tail.
2. Without the tail, the fox looked strange.
3. The fox made a plan to solve its problem.
4. Suggested they cut their tails off.
5. The other foxes wanted to cut off their tails.

 Paragraph 42

Theme: Liberty and Effort

Liberty does not come automatically; people must strive to achieve it. Freedom is a fruit that must be earned before anyone can enjoy it. This freedom does not only mean freedom from foreign domination; it is a task we must undertake to take our rightful place in the modern world. We cannot stop time and must move forward with all our resources and energy.

 Unclear Pronouns:

1. Liberty does not descend upon it.
2. It must be earned.
3. This freedom is the task that confronts us.
4. They cannot hold the clock back.
5. It is a fruit to be enjoyed.

 Clear Pronouns:

1. Liberty does not descend upon people.
2. Freedom must be earned.
3. This task confronts us.
4. People cannot hold the clock back.
5. Freedom is a fruit to be enjoyed.

Paragraph 43

Theme: Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela was the greatest leader of South Africa and one of the greatest in the world. Throughout his life, he fought against apartheid, a policy of racial segregation. Europeans were separated from non-Europeans, and blacks were treated cruelly. Mandela’s struggle highlighted the injustices faced by the oppressed and inspired generations worldwide.

 Unclear Pronouns:

1. It was one of the greatest leaders.
2. Throughout its life, he fought apartheid.
3. Those were aliens in it.
4. They were treated cruelly.
5. This highlighted injustice.

 Clear Pronouns:

1. Nelson Mandela was one of the greatest leaders.
2. Throughout his life, he fought apartheid.
3. The black people were aliens under the policy.
4. The black people were treated cruelly.
5. Mandela’s struggle highlighted injustice.

 Paragraph 44

Theme: King Solomon and the Baby

Two women came to King Solomon’s court, each claiming to be the mother of a baby. Solomon thought for a while and had a clever idea. He ordered one of his men to cut the baby into two equal halves and give one half to each woman. The real mother became very nervous, but the other woman remained calm. Solomon noticed the difference in their reactions and gave the baby to the real mother, punishing the woman who lied.

 Unclear Pronouns:

1. Then claimed they were mother.
2. He thought for a while.
3. The other woman was untouched by it.
4. Solomon noticed the change in her.
5. Handed over the baby to her.

 Clear Pronouns:

1. Each woman claimed she was the mother.
2. King Solomon thought for a while.
3. The other woman was untouched by the event.
4. Solomon noticed the change in the women’s reactions.
5. Solomon handed over the baby to the real mother.

 Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

• it → the event
• her → the real mother / the women’s reactions
• they → each woman
• he → King Solomon

 Paragraph 45

Theme: Greenhouse Effect

Greenhouse effect is a serious environmental issue. Carbon dioxide production in our environment is increasing day by day. The main causes include burning fossil fuels and industrial activities. Factories, vehicles, and other sources produce carbon emissions that lead to air and water pollution. Unless we take strict action, disastrous consequences will continue to affect everyone in the future.

Unclear Pronouns:

1. Its amount is increasing day by day.
2. It occurs due to carbon dioxide.
3. Many factories required energy which was produced through it.
4. Unless we control it, consequences will worsen.
5. We have to face more disastrous consequences because of it.

Clear Pronouns:

1. Carbon dioxide levels are increasing day by day.
2. Greenhouse effect occurs due to carbon dioxide.
3. Factories required energy, which was produced through carbon combustion.
4. Unless we control carbon emissions, consequences will worsen.
5. Human society will face more disastrous consequences because of carbon emissions.

 Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

• it → greenhouse effect / carbon dioxide / carbon emissions
• we → humans / people
• everyone → human society

 Paragraph 46

Theme: Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal is surrounded by a beautiful garden with a long pool stretching in front of the building. Visitors can see the beauty of the Taj Mahal reflected in the water. People come at different times of the day because the monument looks different under sunlight and moonlight. Most visitors enjoy seeing the Taj Mahal on a moonlit night.

 Unclear Pronouns:

1. It is surrounded by a garden.
2. He can see the beauty.
3. These wonderful buildings are visited.
4. It assumes a different look.
5. People like this best.

 Clear Pronouns:

1. The Taj Mahal is surrounded by a garden.
2. Visitors can see the beauty.
3. The Taj Mahal is visited by people.
4. The monument assumes a different look.
5. People like the Taj Mahal at night best.

 Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

• it → the Taj Mahal / the monument
• he → visitors
• these → the Taj Mahal
• this → the Taj Mahal at night

 Paragraph 47

Theme: Time and Tide

To succeed in life, one must remember the wise saying that time and tide wait for no one. Time never stops; it moves forward without paying attention to us. Nobody can stop its march. Therefore, for the sake of our welfare, we should never waste a single moment, because losing time can prevent us from reaching life goals.

 Unclear Pronouns:

1. They never stop their onward march.
2. It moves on giving no attention to us.
3. It can never be stopped by anyone.
4. This will cost us a lot.
5. We will not reach the goal of our life if it is wasted.

 Clear Pronouns:

1. Time and tide never stop their march.
2. Time moves on without paying attention to people.
3. Time can never be stopped by anyone.
4. Losing time will cost people a lot.
5. People will not reach the goal of their life if time is wasted.

 Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

• they → time and tide
• it → time
• us → people
• our → people’s

 Paragraph 48

Theme: Life on Earth and Trees

Life on Earth is impossible without trees. Tree existence is crucial for humans. Trees absorb carbon dioxide, provide food, and give firewood for cooking. People who illegally cut down trees should be punished. Everyone should plant more trees so that Earth life remains sustainable.

 Unclear Pronouns:

1. Their existence will be at stake without it.
2. We exhale CO₂, who absorbs.
3. Besides, we get food from trees and firewood to cook food.
4. Those who illegally cut down trees should be brought to book.
5. One should plant more trees so that this may become possible.

 Clear Pronouns:

1. Tree existence will be at stake without trees.
2. Trees absorb CO₂.
3. People get food from trees and firewood for cooking.
4. People who illegally cut down trees should be punished.
5. One should plant more trees so that life on Earth may continue.

 Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

• it → trees
• who → trees
• this → life on Earth

 Paragraph 49

Theme: Sailors and the Old Man

The narrator visited the ship daily, and the sailors were given food and drink. One day, the old man killed the sailors. Angered, the water goddess decided to punish the old man and sailors.

 Unclear Pronouns:

1. I came to the ship every day and the sailors gave it food.
2. But one day, he killed them.
3. So, the water goddess became angry with them.
4. She decided to punish them.
5. The sailors gave it food and drink.

 Clear Pronouns:

1. I came to the ship every day and the sailors were given food.
2. But one day, the old man killed the sailors.
3. So, the water goddess became angry with the old man.
4. She decided to punish the old man.
5. The sailors were given food and drink by the narrator.

 Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

• it → the sailors / the narrator’s visits
• he → the old man
• them → the old man / sailors

 Paragraph 50

Theme: King Lear

King Lear, the father of three daughters Goneril, Regan, and Cordelia, ruled his kingdom for many years. The daughters expressed their love to him in words near the end of his life. Goneril and Regan spoke sweet but false words that pleased him, while Cordelia spoke genuine words that angered him. Lear divided his kingdom between Goneril and Regan, giving nothing to Cordelia, which later proved to be a wrong decision.

 Unclear Pronouns:

1. Claudius, him uncle, showed much love.
2. Hamlet suspected some evil in Claudius.
3. The ghost urged him to take revenge.
4. But Hamlet became suspicious if they were really the ghost.
5. King Lear divided he kingdom.

 Clear Pronouns:

1. Claudius, his uncle, showed much love.
2. Hamlet suspected some evil in his uncle Claudius.
3. The ghost urged Hamlet to take revenge.
4. But Hamlet became suspicious if the spirit was really his father’s ghost.
5. King Lear divided his kingdom.

 Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

• him → Hamlet
• he → King Lear
• they → the ghost / the spirit
• him uncle → his uncle

Paragraph 51

Theme: Man and the Wood

Once, a man came into a wood with an axe in his hand and asked the trees for a small branch for a particular purpose. Some trees generously gave him a branch. The man fixed it to the axe head and began cutting down tree after tree.

 Unclear Pronouns:

1. A man came into a wood with its hand.
2. He begged all the trees to give him a small branch which it wanted.
3. There were good-natured trees and gave him one of its branches.
4. The man fixed them into the axe head.
5. He soon set to work cutting down tree after tree.

 Clear Pronouns:

1. A man came into a wood with his hand.
2. He begged all the trees to give him a small branch that he needed.
3. There were good-natured trees that gave him one of their branches.
4. The man fixed the branch into the axe head.
5. He soon began cutting down tree after tree.

Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

• its → his hand
• it → the branch he needed
• them → the branch
• its → the tree’s

 Paragraph 52

Theme: Nation’s Wealth and Literacy

To know whether a nation is rich or poor, one does not need to count the palaces or monuments or the people who enjoy a high standard of living. It is enough to count the number of literate people. The literacy rate determines whether a country is rich, poor, developed, or underdeveloped. Illiteracy is a curse because it keeps people ignorant and detaches them from the world.

 Unclear Pronouns:

1. He does not need to count the number of its palatial buildings.
2. The number of those people which enjoy a high standard.
3. This takes them to the level no better than a beast.
4. Illiteracy detaches him from the world.
5. It is enough to count the number of their literate people.

 Clear Pronouns:

1. One does not need to count the palatial buildings of the nation.
2. One does not need to count the people who enjoy a high standard of living.
3. Illiteracy takes people to a level no better than a beast.
4. Illiteracy detaches people from the world.
5. It is enough to count the number of literate citizens.

 Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

• its → the nation
• which → who
• them → people
• him → people
• their → literate citizens

 Paragraph 53

Theme: Sundarbans and Tiger Attacks

Nearly half a million people depend on the Sundarbans for their livelihood. Some villagers venture deep into the forest to catch fish or gather honey. Tigers often attack these villagers. Tigers sometimes raid the villagers living near the forest boundary and kill goats and cows. This causes panic among the villagers. Villagers do not leave the village after sunset. They have recently formed a “Tiger Response Team” to protect villagers whenever a tiger enters their village.

 Unclear Pronouns:

1. Some people venture deep into the forest to catch fish or gather honey. They often attack them.
2. Some frequently raid the villagers bordering it.
3. Tigers kill goats and cows. It causes panic.
4. The villagers do not go out of the village after sunset.
5. They have recently formed “Tiger Response Team” to protect them.

 Clear Pronouns:

1. Tigers often attack these villagers.
2. Tigers frequently raid the villagers bordering the forest.
3. Tigers kill livestock, which causes panic among villagers.
4. The villagers do not leave their village after sunset.
5. They have formed a “Tiger Response Team” to protect villagers.

 Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

• they → Tigers
• them → villagers
• it → the forest
• the village → their village

 Paragraph 54

Theme: Lost Necklace

Once, a rich man bought a necklace and a ring for his wife, but they were lost. At that time, a few servants passed by the house. The man suspected that the servants might have stolen the necklace. He filed a complaint against the servants with the judge. The court brought charges of theft against the servants and summoned the man to court. However, the servants did not confess their guilt. On the contrary, the servants strongly protested against the accusation.

 Unclear Pronouns:

1. A rich man bought a necklace and a ring for his wife. Unfortunately, it was lost.
2. The man suspected that he might steal the necklace.
3. They lodged a complaint with the judge against them.
4. The court brought a charge of theft against them.
5. But they did not confess the guilt.

 Clear Pronouns:

1. Unfortunately, the necklace and the ring were lost.
2. The man suspected that the servants might have stolen the necklace.
3. He lodged a complaint with the judge against the servants.
4. The court brought charges of theft against the servants.
5. However, the servants did not confess their guilt.

 Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

• it → necklace and ring
• he → the servants
• them → the servants

 Paragraph 55

Theme: Honesty and Perseverance

Honesty and perseverance are essential qualities for success. Without honesty, one cannot expect trust or respect from others. Without perseverance, success cannot be maintained because it requires continuous effort. Honesty and perseverance go hand in hand and complement each other. Their combination always produces the best results.

 Unclear Pronouns:

1. Without it, you cannot expect trust and respect.
2. Without perseverance, you cannot maintain your success for a long time because neels continuous effort.
3. Honesty and perseverance go hand in hand, and they complement the other.
4. Its hibanon always brings the best result.
5. One must possess it if he wants to succeed.

 Clear Pronouns:

1. Without honesty, one cannot expect trust and respect.
2. Without perseverance, one cannot maintain success for a long time because success requires continuous effort.
3. Honesty and perseverance go hand in hand and complement each other.
4. Their combination always brings the best result.
5. One must possess honesty and perseverance to succeed.

 Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

• it → honesty
• they → honesty and perseverance
• its hibanon → their combination

Paragraph 56

Theme: Parents as Children’s Friends

When a child is born, he is totally helpless. It is the parents who come forward to help. Therefore, parents are the best friends of all children. Children are greatly cared for by their parents.

 Unclear Pronouns:

1. When a child is born, he is helpless.
2. It is his parents who help him.
3. So, the parents e the best friends of all the children.
4. They are greatly cared for by them.
5. It is the parents who help the child.

 Clear Pronouns:

1. When a child is born, the child is helpless.
2. It is the child’s parents who help him.
3. Therefore, parents are the best friends of all children.
4. Children are greatly cared for by their parents.
5. The parents help the child from birth.

 Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

• he → the child
• his → the child’s
• they / them → parents

 Paragraph 57

Theme: Buddha and the Poor Woman

A poor woman named Jeet came to Buddha and asked whether he could give her medicine to bring her dead child back to life. Buddha was deeply touched. He told her that there was one medicine, a handful of mustard seeds, from a house where death had never occurred. The sorrowful mother went from door to door searching for the seeds. When she could not find them, she returned to Buddha and told him about her failure.

 Unclear Pronouns:

1. Jeet asked whether he could give her medicine.
2. Buddha was very much touched by this.
3. He told her that it was a handful of mustard seeds.
4. The sorrowful mother went from door to door searching for the same.
5. She came back to Baddha and told her about it.

Clear Pronouns:

1. Jeet asked whether Buddha could give her medicine.
2. Buddha was deeply touched by Jeet’s plea.
3. He told her that the medicine was a handful of mustard seeds.
4. The sorrowful mother went from door to door searching for the mustard seeds.
5. She came back to Buddha and told him about her failure.

 Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

• he → Buddha
• this → Jeet’s plea
• it / the same → mustard seeds
• her → Buddha

 Paragraph 58

Theme: Reading and Understanding Passages

Questions are set to assess a student’s ability to understand a passage and answer questions based on what is mentioned in the passage. A student needs to read the passage carefully so that the student can identify the main idea. If the student is not sure of the main idea, it will be difficult for the student to answer the questions. Most questions are based on the main idea.

 Unclear Pronouns:

1. Questions are set to assess your ability.
2. One needs to read it.
3. So that you can identify the main idea.
4. If the learners are not sure of the main idea.
5. It is because most of them are based on the main idea.

 Clear Pronouns:

1. Questions are set to assess a student’s ability.
2. A student needs to read the passage.
3. So that the student can identify the main idea.
4. If the student is not sure of the main idea.
5. It is because most questions are based on the main idea.

 Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

• you → the student
• it → the passage
• them → questions

 Paragraph 59

Theme: Clever Fox and Its Tail

Once, a clever fox fell into a trap while walking through the jungle but managed to escape at the cost of his tail. Without the tail, he looked strange and ugly. This made the fox sad and ashamed. He thought of a plan to fix his miserable condition. He invited all other foxes of the jungle to a meeting. When they attended, he told them about the uselessness of tails and suggested cutting them off. After hearing it, the other foxes wanted to cut off their tails immediately.

 Unclear Pronouns:

1. Fell into a trap but he managed to get out.
2. Without it, he looked strange and ugly.
3. It made him sad and ashamed.
4. He invited all other foxes of the jungle and when he attended the meeting.
5. He told them about the uselessness of tails.

 Clear Pronouns:

1. The clever fox fell into a trap but the fox managed to get out.
2. Without his tail, the fox looked strange and ugly.
3. The tail loss made the fox sad and ashamed.
4. He invited all other foxes of the jungle to a meeting.
5. He told the other foxes about the uselessness of tails.

 Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

• he / him → the fox
• it → the tail
• them → other foxes

Paragraph 60

Theme: Liberty and Effort

Liberty does not descend upon people automatically. People must raise their efforts to achieve it. Liberty is a fruit that must be earned before people can enjoy it. Freedom means more than freedom from foreign domination; it is the great task confronting us. We cannot stop the clock, and therefore, we must move forward using all resources and energy.

 Unclear Pronouns:

1. Liberty does not descend upon people. It must be earned.
2. It is a fruit that must be earned before them can enjoy.
3. This freedom means freedom only from foreign domination is an out-worn idea.
4. This is the main task that confronts us.
5. We cannot hold the clock back and therefore, it is we who must go forward.

Clear Pronouns:

1. Liberty does not descend upon people automatically.
2. Liberty is a fruit that must be earned before people can enjoy it.
3. Freedom means more than freedom from foreign domination.
4. This is the main task that confronts citizens.
5. We cannot hold back the clock; therefore, people must move forward.

Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

• it → liberty / freedom
• them → people
• us / we → citizens / people

 Paragraph 61

Theme: Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela was the greatest leader of South Africa and one of the greatest leaders in the world. Throughout his life, Mandela struggled against apartheid, which was a government policy of racial segregation. Europeans were separated from non-Europeans, and the black population was treated cruelly. The black people were treated as aliens in their own land.

 Unclear Pronouns:

1. In fact, it was one of the greatest leaders.
2. All through its life, he struggled against apartheid.
3. Those were aliens in its.
4. The Europeans were separated from the non-Europeans.
5. This was a government policy of racial segregation.

 Clear Pronouns:

1. In fact, Mandela was one of the greatest leaders.
2. All through Mandela’s life, he struggled against apartheid.
3. Black people were treated as aliens in their own land.
4. Europeans were separated from non-Europeans.
5. Apartheid was a government policy of racial segregation.

 Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

• it → Mandela
• its → Mandela’s life / land
• this → apartheid

Paragraph 62

Theme: King Solomon’s Judgment

Two women came to King Solomon’s court with a baby, each claiming to be the mother. Solomon thought for a while and gave a brilliant idea. He ordered one of his men to cut the baby into two halves. The real mother became nervous, but the other woman remained calm. The king noticed the change in the faces of the women, gave the baby to the real mother, and punished the false claimant.

 Unclear Pronouns:

1. Each of then claimed they were the mother.
2. He ordered one of his men to cut the baby into two halves and give one half to them.
3. The real mother of the baby became nervous by Chis.
4. The other woman was totally untouched by the event.
5. The king noticed the change in the face of her.

 Clear Pronouns:

1. Each of the women claimed to be the mother.
2. He ordered one of his men to cut the baby into two halves and give one half to each woman.
3. The real mother became nervous, but the false claimant remained calm.
4. The king noticed the change in the faces of both women.
5. He gave the baby to the real mother and punished the false claimant.

 Clear Pronouns at a Glance:

• then → the women
• them → each woman
• her → the false claimant