Modifier Practice HSC
Dhaka Board 2025
Learning English has become a vital skill in the present world of communication. Yet many people in (a) (Pre-modify the noun with a possessive) country do not understand its value. As we live in a (b) (Pre-modify the noun with an adjective) village, it has become important (c) (Post-modify the adjective with an infinitive phrase). Therefore, if we (d) __________ world. Surely, English now plays a key role in our (e) (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) development. This language offers an (f) (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) chance to reach information stored in computers around the globe. (g) (Use a participle phrase to pre-modify the clause), we can grow both in personal and professional life. If we fail to learn English well, we will fall behind (h) (Post-modify the verb using an adverbial). With (i) (Use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) language, we can explore art, literature and culture from different countries. So, it is clearly seen that English is (j) (Use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) spoken worldwide.
Passage with Answers
Learning English has become a vital skill in the present world of communication. Yet many people in (a) our country do not understand its value. As we live in a (b) remote village, it has become important (c) to improve our learning ability. Therefore, if we (d) wish to advance in the modern world. Surely, English now plays a key role in our (e) national development. This language offers an (f) easy chance to reach information stored in computers around the globe. (g) Realizing its importance, we can grow both in personal and professional life. If we fail to learn English well, we will fall behind (h) in different fields. With (i) this language, we can explore art, literature and culture from different countries. So, it is clearly seen that English is (j) widely spoken worldwide.
(3) Explanation
(a) our country
- Possessive adjective লাগাতে বলা হয়েছে।
- “our” মানে “আমাদের”—country-র আগে বসে।
(b) remote village
- Adjective দিয়ে noun প্রি-মডিফাই করতে বলা হয়েছিল।
- “remote” মানে “দূরবর্তী/অন্তরীন”।
(c) to improve our learning ability
- Adjective-এর পরে infinitive phrase দরকার ছিল।
- “to improve…” প্রয়োজনীয়তার উদ্দেশ্য বোঝায়।
(d) wish to advance in the modern world
- এখানে বাক্য পূর্ণ করতে অর্থবহ modifier যোগ করা হয়েছে।
(e) national development
- Development-এর আগে adjective → “national” = “জাতীয়”।
(f) easy chance
- Chance-কে adjective দিয়ে modify করতে বলা হয়েছিল।
- “easy” = “সহজ সুযোগ”।
(g) Realizing its importance
- Participle phrase (verb + ing) → কারণ/উপলব্ধি বোঝায়।
(h) in different fields
- Verb কে adverbial phrase দিয়ে modify করা হয়েছে।
- “in different fields” = “বিভিন্ন ক্ষেত্রে”।
(i) this language
- Demonstrative adjective → “this” ভাষাটিকে নির্দেশ করছে।
(j) widely spoken
- Verb-এর আগে adverb → “widely” = “ব্যাপকভাবে” বলা হয়।
Mymensingh Board 2025
Al Mahmud, (a) (use an appositive), was born in Brahmanbaria in 1936. He is famous for (b) (use a participle to pre-modify the noun) rural life and culture. He rose as a (c) (pre-modify the noun) poet in the 1960s and played a (d) (pre-modify the noun) role in shaping modern Bangla poetry. His remarkable works, including “Lok Lokantor”, “Kaler Kolosh” and “Sonali Kabin”, show (e) (post-modify the verb) his mastery in imagery and symbolism. (f) (use possessive) often deals with themes of love, loss, struggle, and the political realities of Bangladesh. Though he faced several controversies for his ideology, his literary achievements remained outstanding. His impact on (g) (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) poetry continues (h) (use an infinitive to post-modify the verb) the younger generations. This (i) (pre-modify the noun) genius passed away (j) (use a prepositional phrase to post-modify the verb) of 82 in 2019.
(2) Completed Passage with Answers
Al Mahmud, (a) a celebrated poet, was born in Brahmanbaria in 1936. He is famous for (b) depicting rural life and culture. He rose as a (c) prominent poet in the 1960s and played a (d) significant role in shaping modern Bangla poetry. His remarkable works, including “Lok Lokantor”, “Kaler Kolosh” and “Sonali Kabin”, show (e) through their themes his mastery in imagery and symbolism. (f) His writings often deal with themes of love, loss, struggle, and the political realities of Bangladesh. Though he faced several controversies for his ideology, his literary achievements remained outstanding. His impact on (g) Bangladeshi poetry continues (h) to inspire the younger generations. This (i) extraordinary genius passed away (j) at the age of 82 in 2019.
(3) Bangla Explanation (Easy & Clear)
(a) a celebrated poet
- Appositive—নামের সাথে ব্যাখ্যা যোগ করে।
- “a celebrated poet” = “একজন বিখ্যাত কবি।”
(b) depicting
- Participle (verb + ing) দিয়ে noun pre-modify করা হয়েছে।
- “depicting rural life” → “গ্রামীণ জীবনকে চিত্রিত করা।”
(c) prominent
- Noun-এর আগে adjective → “prominent poet” মানে “প্রসিদ্ধ কবি।”
(d) significant
- Role-কে adjective দিয়ে pre-modify করা → “গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা।”
(e) through their themes
- Verb-কে post-modify করা হয়েছে।
- “show through their themes” = “বিষয়ের মাধ্যমে প্রকাশ করে।”
(f) His writings
- Possessive form → “His writings” (তার রচনাবলি)।
(g) Bangladeshi poetry
- Noun adjective—Bangladeshi → Bangladesh সম্পর্কিত।
(h) to inspire
- Infinitive phrase → verb-এর পরে উদ্দেশ্য বোঝায়।
- “continues to inspire” = “অনুপ্রেরণা দিতে থাকে।”
(i) extraordinary
- Noun-এর আগে adjective → “অসাধারণ প্রতিভা।”
(j) at the age
- Prepositional phrase → “at the age of 82” (৮২ বছর বয়সে)।
Chittagong Board 2025
(1) Question Passage
Many years ago, there lived (a) ______ merchant who travelled from one village to another for trade. He mostly dealt in salt, and to carry his goods, he used a donkey. Each day, he sold (b) ______ salt after loading it on his donkey’s back. To reach the nearby marketplace, he had (c) ______ across a shallow stream.
One day, while crossing the stream, the donkey suddenly slipped (d) ______. As a result, (e) ______ of the salt dissolved in the water. Feeling lighter than before, the donkey (f) ______ crossed the stream without any trouble (g) ______. The donkey became pleased with this.
The next morning, the merchant packed the donkey’s bags with cotton instead of salt. The donkey repeated the (h) ______ trick and fell into the stream. But (i) ______ time, the cotton absorbed water and became much heavier. The donkey struggled badly to move with the soaked load. Realizing his silly act, he stopped falling into (j) ______ stream again.
(2) Passage with Answers
Many years ago, there lived (a) an old merchant who travelled from one village to another for trade. He mostly dealt in salt, and to carry his goods, he used a donkey. Each day, he sold (b) his salt after loading it on his donkey’s back. To reach the nearby marketplace, he had (c) to go across a shallow stream.
One day, while crossing the stream, the donkey suddenly slipped (d) into the water. As a result, (e) much of the salt dissolved in the water. Feeling lighter than before, the donkey (f) happily crossed the stream without any trouble (g) in the stream. The donkey became pleased with this.
The next morning, the merchant packed the donkey’s bags with cotton instead of salt. The donkey repeated the (h) foolish trick and fell into the stream. But (i) this time, the cotton absorbed water and became much heavier. The donkey struggled badly to move with the soaked load. Realizing his silly act, he stopped falling into (j) the stream again.
(3) Explanation
(a) an old
Article ব্যবহার করতে বলা হয়েছিল।
Old শব্দটি vowel sound দিয়ে শুরু হয়, তাই an ব্যবহার করা সঠিক।
একজন বৃদ্ধ ব্যবসায়ী।
(b) his
Possessive determiner প্রয়োজন ছিল।
his বোঝায়—লবণটি ব্যবসায়ীর।
তার লবণ।
(c) to go
Infinitive phrase = to + verb.
“যেতে” বোঝাতে to go ব্যবহার হয়েছে।
অন্য গ্রামে যেতে।
(d) into the water
Prepositional phrase দিয়ে verb slipped কে post-modify করতে বলা হয়েছিল।
পানির মধ্যে পড়ে গেল।
(e) much
Quantity বোঝাতে much of the salt—অনেক লবণ গলে গেল।
লবণের অনেকটাই।
(f) happily
Verb crossed কে adverb দিয়ে modify করতে হবে।
happily = খুশি হয়ে।
খুশি হয়ে পার হলো।
(g) in the stream
Prepositional phrase → ঘটনাটি কোথায় ঘটছে তা বোঝায়।
নদীর ভেতর দিয়ে।
(h) foolish
Noun trick–কে adjective দিয়ে describe করতে হবে।
foolish trick = বোকামির কৌশল।
(i) this
Demonstrative adjective → বর্তমান সময় বোঝায়।
this time = এবার।
(j) the
Specific stream বোঝানো হচ্ছে, তাই the ব্যবহার সঠিক।
সেই নদী/ঝর্না।
(1) Question Passage
Bangladesh is blessed with countless rivers flowing across its land. (a) — (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) rivers are truly blessings from Almighty Allah. They play a vital role in our (b) — (pre-modify the noun) economy. There are numerous big and small rivers in (c) — (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) country. The major rivers flow (d) — (use an adverbial phrase to post-modify the verb) while many small rivers remain active only in the rainy season. These rivers are extremely useful for us. They are (e) — (pre-modify the verb) connected with the economic growth and well-being of our nation. The rivers help us with communication, fishing, agriculture and natural resources. Every river plays a (f) — (pre-modify the noun) role in our (g) — (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) system. Boats, launches and steamers are used (h) — (use an infinitive to pre-modify the noun) goods through waterways, which is easier and cheaper than land transport. Moreover, people (i) — (use present participle to post-modify the noun) beside the rivers earn money by catching fish. The silt (j) — (use past participle to post-modify the noun) by river water enriches our farmland naturally.
(2) Passage with Answers
Bangladesh is blessed with countless rivers flowing across its land. (a) those rivers are truly blessings from Almighty Allah. They play a vital role in our (b) national economy. There are numerous big and small rivers in (c) our country. The major rivers flow (d) across the region while many small rivers remain active only in the rainy season. These rivers are extremely useful for us. They are (e) deeply connected with the economic growth and well-being of our nation. The rivers help us with communication, fishing, agriculture and natural resources. Every river plays a (f) crucial role in our (g) transport system. Boats, launches and steamers are used (h) to move goods through waterways, which is easier and cheaper than land transport. Moreover, people (i) living beside the rivers earn money by catching fish. The silt (j) deposited by river water enriches our farmland naturally.
(3) Explanation (Simple Bangla, Same Style, Rewritten)
(a) those rivers
Demonstrative adjective ব্যবহার করতে বলা হয়েছিল।
“those” মানে “ওগুলো/সেসব”—rivers-কে নির্দেশ করে।
(b) national economy
Economy-র আগে adjective বসানো হয়েছে।
“national” = “জাতীয় অর্থনীতি” বোঝায়।
(c) our country
Possessive adjective → “our” মানে “আমাদের”—country-র মালিকানা প্রকাশ করে।
(d) across the region
Adverbial phrase → নদীগুলো কীভাবে প্রবাহিত হয় তা ব্যাখ্যা করছে।
Meaning: “অঞ্চল জুড়ে।”
(e) deeply connected
Verb-এর আগে adverb → “deeply” = “গভীরভাবে/দৃঢ়ভাবে” সম্পর্কিত।
(f) crucial role
Noun-এর আগে adjective → “crucial” = “অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।”
(g) transport system
Noun adjective → “transport” system-এর ধরন বোঝাচ্ছে।
(h) to move goods
Infinitive phrase → “to move” = “পণ্য সরানোর জন্য।”
(i) living
Present participle → নদীর পাশে যারা থাকে তাদের বোঝায়।
(j) deposited
Past participle → “deposited” মানে “পড়ে থাকা/জমে থাকা”—silt কোথা থেকে এসেছে তা জানায়।
Sylhet Board 2025
Question Passage
Weather influences our daily activities (a) (post-modify the verb). We wear (b) (pre-modify the noun) clothes when the temperature drops. We also carry an umbrella in the (c) (pre-modify the noun) season. In the hot months, we use fans (d) (post-modify the verb with an infinitive phrase). Still, both sunshine and rainfall are (e) (pre-modify the adjective with an intensifier) important for us. Winter also benefits us in many ways. Vegetables grow (f) (post-modify the verb with an adverbial phrase) during winte(pre-modify the noun) rainfall helps farmers achieve bumper crops. Every season has more or (h) (pre-modify the noun) disadvantages. And they have (i) (pre-modify the noun with a determiner) strong impact on nature. But the weather pattern is changing (j) (post-modify the verb) because of global warming.
Answer Passage
Weather influences our daily activities greatly. We wear warm clothes when the temperature drops. We also carry an umbrella in the rainy season. In the hot months, we use fans to stay cool. Still, both sunshine and rainfall are very important for us. Winter also benefits us in many ways. Vegetables grow in abundance during winter. Adequate rainfall helps farmers achieve bumper crops. Every season has more or less disadvantages. And they have a strong impact on nature. But the weather pattern is changing rapidly because of global warming.
Answer Explanation
- greatly → verb “influences” কে পরে বর্ণনা করেছে → post-modifier
বাংলা: আবহাওয়া আমাদের জীবনকে বেশ অনেকটা প্রভাবিত করে। - warm → noun “clothes” এর আগে এসেছে → pre-modifier
বাংলা: ঠান্ডায় আমরা গরম কাপড় পরি। - rainy → noun “season” এর আগে এসেছে → pre-modifier
বাংলা: বর্ষা মৌসুমে আমরা ছাতা নিয়ে বের হই। - to stay cool → infinitive phrase → verb “use” কে পরে বর্ণনা করছে
বাংলা: গরমে আমরা পাখা ব্যবহার করি ঠান্ডা থাকতে। - very → adjective “important” কে জোর দিয়েছে → intensifier
বাংলা: রোদ ও বৃষ্টি আমাদের জন্য খুব জরুরি। - in abundance → verb “grow” এর পরে এসেছে → adverbial phrase
বাংলা: শীতে সবজি বহুলভাবে জন্মায়। - Adequate → noun “rainfall” এর আগে → pre-modifier
বাংলা: পর্যাপ্ত বৃষ্টি বাম্পার ফলনে সাহায্য করে। - less → noun “disadvantages” এর আগে → pre-modifier
বাংলা: প্রতিটি ঋতুর কিছু বেশি বা কম অসুবিধা থাকে। - a → determiner → noun “strong impact” এর আগে এসেছে
বাংলা: এগুলোর পরিবেশের ওপর একটি শক্তিশালী প্রভাব আছে। - rapidly → verb “is changing” কে পরে বর্ণনা করছে → post-modifier
বাংলা: আবহাওয়ার ধরন দ্রুত বদলে যাচ্ছে।
Chittagong Board 2025
Question Passage
One day a wolf came to a flowing stream to satisfy (a) (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) thirst.
While he was drinking, he noticed (b) (use article to pre-modify the noun) lamb standing a little below and drinking water as well. The wolf glared at the lamb and shouted, “How dare you make this water dirty? Don’t you see that I am drinking from the (d) (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) stream?”
The lamb became so (e) (use an adverb to pre-modify the adjective OR use an infinitive phrase to post modify the adjective) afraid that it lost its voice for a moment. Then it finally said, “Sir, I beg (f) (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) pardon. The water is flowing down (g) (post-modify the verb with a prepositional phrase) to me. How can I make it muddy?”
The wolf growled, “But you shouted at me and insulted me (h) (post-modify the verb with an adverb).”
The lamb replied, “Sir, I was not even alive at that time. How could I have abused you last year?”
The wolf (i) (use a relative pronoun to post-modify the noun) was bent on eating (j) (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) poor lamb, said, “Then it must have been your father, mother, or brother. You will be punished for your family.”
Answer Passage
One day a wolf approached a stream to satisfy his thirst.
While drinking, he noticed a lamb further down the water, drinking quietly. The wolf stared at the lamb and shouted, “How dare you make the water dirty? Can’t you see I am drinking from the fresh stream?”
The lamb became so deeply frightened to speak clearly that it could not talk for a moment. Then it softly replied, “Sir, I beg your pardon. The water is flowing down from the upper part to me. How can it become muddy because of me?”
The wolf barked, “But you shouted at me and insulted me harshly.”
The lamb answered, “Sir, I had not even been born then. How could I insult you last year?”
The wolf, who was determined to eat this poor lamb, said, “Then someone from your family must have done it. You will suffer for their deeds.”
Explanation
(a) his
Possessive adjective → “thirst” এর মালিকানা দেখায়।
➡ his thirst = তার তৃষ্ণা।
(b) a
Article → lamb শব্দটি সাধারণভাবে বোঝাতে a ব্যবহৃত হয়।
➡ a lamb = একটি মেষশাবক।
(d) fresh
Adjective → stream শব্দটিকে বর্ণনা করছে।
➡ fresh stream = সতেজ/পরিষ্কার ঝর্ণা।
(e) deeply / to speak clearly
- deeply → adverb, frightened শব্দটিকে জোর দেয়।
- to speak clearly → infinitive phrase, adjective-কে পরে ব্যাখ্যা করে।
➡ খুব ভয় পেয়েছিল, স্পষ্ট কথা বলার জন্যও পারছিল না।
(f) your
Possessive adjective → pardon-এর আগে মালিকানা বোঝায়।
➡ your pardon = আপনার ক্ষমা।
(g) from the upper part to me ⇒ Prepositional phrase → running down ক্রিয়াকে পরে বর্ণনা করছে। ⇒ উপরের দিক থেকে আমার দিকে নামছে।
(h) harshly ⇒ Adverb → insulted me ক্রিয়াকে পরে বর্ণনা করছে। ⇒ রূঢ়ভাবে গালি দিয়েছিল।
(i) who ⇒Relative pronoun → the wolf-কে পরে ব্যাখ্যা করে।⇒the wolf who…
(j) this ⇒Demonstrative → poor lamb-কে নির্দিষ্ট করে।⇒this poor lamb = এই বেচারা মেষশাবক।
Jessore Board 2025
Question Passage
A day when it keeps raining (a) (post-modify the verb) from morning to night is known as a rainy day. The sky stays gloomy (b) (pre-modify the noun) clouds. People cannot step outside without (c) (pre-modify the noun with a determiner) umbrella. It disturbs our (d) (pre-modify the noun) activities. Sometimes schools and colleges remain closed. But some people love (e) (post-modify the verb with an infinitive phrase) in the rain. They move to an (f) (pre-modify the noun) space and enjoy the weather.
The daily labourers suffer greatly (g) (post-modify the verb). They cannot work and spend (h) (pre-modify the noun) day which causes hardship for them. They fail to earn (i) (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) their family. Thus, a (j) (pre-modify the noun) day becomes a burden for the poor.
Answer Passage
A day when it keeps raining throughout the day from morning to night is known as a rainy day. The sky stays gloomy with dark clouds. People cannot step outside without an umbrella. It disturbs our regular activities. Sometimes schools and colleges remain closed.
But some people love to walk and enjoyin the rain. They move to an open space and enjoy the weather.
The daily labourers suffer greatly during the rain. They cannot work and spend the whole day which causes hardship for them. They fail to earn to support their family. Thus, a rainy day becomes a burden for the poor.
Explanation
(a) throughout the day ⇒ Verb raining–কে পরে বর্ণনা করতে adverbial phrase দরকার।⇒ সারাদিন ধরে বৃষ্টি হওয়া বোঝায়।
(b) with dark ⇒ Noun clouds–কে adjective দিয়ে pre-modify করা হয়েছে।⇒dark clouds = কালো মেঘ।
(c) an ⇒ Determiner article → umbrella-এর আগে an ব্যবহৃত হয়। ⇒an umbrella = একটি ছাতা।
(d) regular ⇒ Noun activities–কে adjective regular দিয়ে pre-modify করা হয়েছে।⇒ নিয়মিত কাজকর্ম।
(e) to walk and enjoy ⇒ Infinitive phrase দিয়ে verb love–কে post-modify করা হয়েছে। ⇒ বৃষ্টিতে হাঁটা ও উপভোগ করা বোঝায়।
(f) open ⇒ Noun space–কে adjective open দিয়ে pre-modify করা হয়েছে। ⇒ খোলা জায়গা।
(g) during the rain ⇒ Verb suffer–কে prepositional phrase দিয়ে post-modify করা হয়েছে। ⇒বৃষ্টি চলাকালীন কষ্ট পাওয়া।
(h) the whole ⇒ Noun day–কে determiner phrase দিয়ে pre-modify করা হয়েছে। ⇒ পুরো দিন।
(i) to support ⇒ Verb earn–কে post-modify করে উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাচ্ছে। ⇒ পরিবারকে সাহায্য করার জন্য।
(j) rainy ⇒ Noun day–কে adjective rainy দিয়ে pre-modify করা হয়েছে। ⇒বৃষ্টির দিন।