সংজ্ঞা: Transformation of Sentence বলতে বোঝায় একটি বাক্যকে অন্য গঠনে পরিবর্তন করা, তবে এর অর্থে কোনো পরিবর্তন না আনা। অর্থাৎ, বাক্যের অর্থ অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে, কিন্তু এর কাঠামো বা রূপ পরিবর্তিত হবে।

Examples:

1. Affirmative: I shall honour you.
   Negative: I shall not dishonour you.
   বাংলা: আমি তোমাকে সম্মান করব। / আমি তোমাকে অসম্মান করব না।

2. Affirmative: Samin is an honest girl.
   Negative: Samin is not a dishonest girl.
   বাংলা: সামিন একজন সৎ মেয়ে। / সামিন একজন অসৎ মেয়ে নয়।

3. Affirmative: He is always punctual.
   Negative: He is never unpunctual.
    বাংলা: সে সবসময় সময়নিষ্ঠ। / সে কখনোই অসময়নিষ্ঠ নয়।

2. Affirmative: She is very honest.
   Negative: She is not dishonest.
    বাংলা: সে খুব সৎ। / সে অসৎ নয়।

3. Affirmative: She obeys her parents.
   Negative: She does not disobey her parents.
    বাংলা: সে তার বাবা-মায়ের কথা মানে। / সে তার বাবা-মায়ের কথা অমান্য করে না।

4. Affirmative: He always speaks the truth.
   Negative: He never tells a lie.
   বাংলা: সে সবসময় সত্য বলে। / সে কখনোই মিথ্যা বলে না।

5. Affirmative: They are happy with the result.
   Negative: They are not unhappy with the result.
    বাংলা: তারা ফলাফল নিয়ে খুশি। / তারা ফলাফল নিয়ে অখুশি নয়।

6. Affirmative: We accepted the invitation.
   Negative: We did not reject the invitation.
   বাংলা: আমরা নিমন্ত্রণ গ্রহণ করেছিলাম। / আমরা নিমন্ত্রণ প্রত্যাখ্যান করিনি।

7. Affirmative: The boy is very brave.
   Negative: The boy is not cowardly.
    বাংলা: ছেলেটি খুব সাহসী। / ছেলেটি কাপুরুষ নয়।

8. Affirmative: I remember the incident.
   Negative: I do not forget the incident.
    বাংলা: আমি ঘটনাটি মনে রেখেছি। / আমি ঘটনাটি ভুলে যাই না।

9. Affirmative: He is a wise man.
   Negative: He is not a foolish man.
   বাংলা: তিনি একজন জ্ঞানী ব্যক্তি। / তিনি একজন মূর্খ ব্যক্তি নন।

Rules of transformation

Affirmative to Negative

 1. Only / Alone দ্বারা (ব্যক্তি) বুঝালে তার পরিবর্তে None but/  No one else but or “Not anyone else but…” বসে।

Example:

• Affirmative: Only Rahim can do this.
  Negative: None but Rahim can do this.
• Negative: No one else but Rahim can do this.
  বাংলা: শুধুমাত্র রহিম এটা করতে পারে। → রহিম ছাড়া আর কেউ এটা করতে পারে না।

2. Only / Alone দ্বারা বস্তু বোঝালে = Nothing but / “nothing else but…” or “not anything else but…”

• Example:
  Affirmative: Only water was found.
  Negative: Nothing but water was found.

  Negative: Nothing else but water was found.
  বাংলা: কেবল পানি পাওয়া গিয়েছিল। → পানি ছাড়া কিছুই পাওয়া যায়নি।

 3. Only / Alone দ্বারা (বয়স / সংখ্যা) বুঝালে= “not more than” / “not less than” বসে।

Example:

• Affirmative: He is only ten years old.
  Negative: He is not more than ten years old.
  বাংলা: তার বয়স মাত্র দশ বছর। → তার বয়স দশ বছরের বেশি না।

 4. Must / Have to / Has to/need to = “cannot but”, “cannot help”

• Example:
  Affirmative: He must go there.
  Negative: He cannot but go there.
  বাংলা: তাকে যেতেই হবে। → তার যাওয়া ছাড়া উপায় নেই।

5. Too…to = “so…that+ subj+ can/could+not+ to এর পরের অংশ।

• Example:
  Affirmative: He is too weak to walk.
  Negative: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
  বাংলা: সে এতটাই দুর্বল যে হাঁটতে পারে না।

 6. Both…and = Not only…but also

• Example:
  Affirmative: Both John and Peter came.
  Negative: Not only John but also Peter came.
  বাংলা: জন এবং পিটার উভয়েই এসেছিল। → জনই শুধু নয়, পিটারও এসেছিল।

 7. As soon as . .   .   , = “No sooner had…than”

• Example:
  Affirmative: As soon as he saw me, he ran away.
  Negative: No sooner had he seen me than he ran away.
  বাংলা: আমাকে দেখেই সে পালিয়ে গেল। → আমাকে দেখামাত্রই সে পালিয়ে গেল।

8. Every + Noun= “There is no+noun+who +auxiliary+ not + মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত। “

অথবাঃ There is no+noun+but+ মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত”

• Example:
  Affirmative: Every student was present.
  Negative: There was no student who was not present.
  বাংলা: প্রত্যেক শিক্ষার্থী উপস্থিত ছিল। → এমন কোনো শিক্ষার্থী ছিল না যে উপস্থিত ছিল না।

  1. Affirmative: Every teacher loves their students.
     Negative: There is no teacher but loves their students.

  2. Affirmative: Every child enjoys playing outside.
     Negative: There is no child but enjoys playing outside.

  3. Affirmative: Every person has a unique talent.
     Negative: There is no person but has a unique talent.

  4. Affirmative: Every student completed the assignment.
     Negative: There is no student but completed the assignment.

  5. Affirmative: Every mother cares for her child.
     Negative: There is no mother but cares for her child.

  6. Affirmative: Every bird migrates in the winter.
     Negative: There is no bird but migrates in the winter.

  7. Affirmative: Every worker deserves fair pay.
     Negative: There is no worker but deserves fair pay.

 9. As…as= “not less…than” or “not inferior to”

• Example:
  Affirmative: He is as tall as his brother.

• Negative: He is not less tall than his brother.

• Negative: He is not shorter than his brother.
  বাংলা: সে তার ভাইয়ের মতোই লম্বা। → সে তার ভাইয়ের চেয়ে খাটো না।

 10. Less…than= “not as…as”

• Example:
  Affirmative: He is less intelligent than you.
  Negative: He is not as intelligent as you.
  বাংলা: সে তোমার চেয়ে কম বুদ্ধিমান। → সে তোমার মতো বুদ্ধিমান না।

 11. Always= “never” or “does not ever fail to…”

• Example:
  Affirmative: He always tells the truth.
  Negative: He never tells a lie.
  বাংলা: সে সবসময় সত্য বলে। → সে কখনও মিথ্যা বলে না।

 12. Sometimes= “not always.”

• Example:
  Affirmative: He is sometimes late.
  Negative: He is not always on time.
  বাংলা: সে কখনও কখনও দেরি করে। → সে সবসময় ঠিক সময়ে আসে না।

 13. Superlative Degree= “No other…as…as”

• Example:
  Affirmative: He is the best player.
  Negative: No other player is as good as he is.
  বাংলা: সে সর্বশ্রেষ্ঠ খেলোয়াড়। → তার মতো ভালো খেলোয়াড় আর কেউ নেই।

 14. Synonyms = “not + antonym” (যেমন “honest” = “not dishonest”)

• Example:
  Affirmative: He is honest.
  Negative: He is not dishonest.
  বাংলা: সে সৎ। → সে অসৎ না।

 15. Many= “not a few”

• Example:
  Affirmative: Many people attended the event.
  Negative: Not a few people attended the event.
  বাংলা: অনেকেই অনুষ্ঠানে এসেছিলেন। → খুব কম লোক আসেনি।

 16. A few=“not many” 

• Example:
  Affirmative: A few students were absent.
  Negative: Not many students were absent.
  বাংলা: অল্প কয়েকজন অনুপস্থিত ছিল। → অনেক শিক্ষার্থী অনুপস্থিত ছিল না।

 17. A little= “not much” 

• Example:
  Affirmative: There is a little water.
  Negative: There is not much water.
  বাংলা: অল্প পানি আছে। → বেশি পানি নেই।

 18. Much =“not a little”

• Example:
  Affirmative: He has much money.
  Negative: He does not have a little money.
  বাংলা: তার অনেক টাকা আছে। → তার একেবারে অল্প টাকা নেই।

 19. Comparative Degree= “not as…as”

• Example:
  Affirmative: She is wiser than her sister.
  Negative: Her sister is not as wise as she .
  বাংলা: সে তার বোনের চেয়ে বেশি জ্ঞানী। → তার বোন তার মতো জ্ঞানী না।

 20. Irregular / Rule-free Sentences

• Rule: Understand context and retain meaning; avoid negating the intention.

• Example:
  Affirmative: He accepted the truth.
  Negative: He did not deny the truth.
  বাংলা: সে সত্য গ্রহণ করেছে। → সে সত্য অস্বীকার করেনি।

21. All — No (সবাই — কেউ না)

Structure:  All + plural noun + plural verb=  No + singular noun + singular verb

Examples:

• All boys like games.সব ছেলেরা খেলাধুলা পছন্দ করে।
• No boy dislikes games.কোনো ছেলেই খেলাধুলা অপছন্দ করে না।

22.Everybody — Nobody (সবাই — কেউ না)

Structure: Everybody + singular verb= Nobody + singular verb

Examples:

• Everybody knows the truth. সবাই সত্যটা জানে।
• Nobody denies the truth. কেউ সত্যটা অস্বীকার করে না।

23.Everyone — No one (প্রত্যেকে — কেউ না)

Examples:

• Everyone wants happiness.প্রত্যেকেই সুখ চায়।
• No one wants sadness. কেউ দুঃখ চায় না।

24.For the last time — Never again (শেষবার — আর কখনো নয়)

Examples:

• I’m telling you this for the last time. আমি তোমাকে এটা শেষবারের মতো বলছি।
• I’ll never tell you this again. আমি তোমাকে এটা আর কখনো বলব না।

Rule(25) নিয়ম বিহীন বাক্য কে  negative interrogative করতে হয়।

Structure (গঠন):  Auxiliary verb + not + Subject + Main Verb … ?

যেমন :

Aff: You are right. → Aren’t you right?

Aff: He helped you. → Didn’t he help you?

 (যখন ব্যবহার হয়):

• জোর বা নিশ্চয়তা প্রকাশ করতে
• আশ্চর্য বা অবিশ্বাস প্রকাশে
• বিনয়ের সাথে প্রশ্ন করতে
• অনুমান বা প্রত্যাশা বোঝাতে

Present Simple Tense = Do/Does+n’t+subj+verb1+…………?

•  Affirmative: You know the truth.
•  Negative (Interrogative): Don’t you know the truth?
•  অর্থ: তুমি কি সত্যটা জানো না?

Present Continuous Tense= Am/is/are+subj+verb1+ing……..?

•  Affirmative: He is studying English now.
•  Negative : Isn’t he studying English now?
•  অর্থ: সে কি এখন ইংরেজি পড়ছে না?

Present Perfect Tense= Have/Has+n’t+ Subj+ verb3+……………?

•  Affirmative: They have finished the work.
•  Negative : Haven’t they finished the work?
•  অর্থ: তারা কি কাজটি শেষ করেনি?

Present Perfect Continuous Tense= Have/Has+n’t+Subj+have been+verb1+ing+ …………+?

•  Affirmative: She has been singing for an hour.
•  Negative (Interrogative): Hasn’t she been singing for an hour?
•  অর্থ: সে কি এক ঘণ্টা ধরে গান গাইছে না?

Past Simple Tense= Did+n’t+subj+verb1+…………?

•  Affirmative: He helped you yesterday.
• Negative : Didn’t he help you yesterday?
•  অর্থ: সে কি গতকাল তোমাকে সাহায্য করেনি?

Past Continuous Tense= Was/were+subj+verb1+ing……..?

•  Affirmative: They were playing football.
•  Negative : Weren’t they playing football?
• অর্থ: তারা কি ফুটবল খেলছিল না?

Past Perfect Tense= Had+n’t+ Subj+ verb3+……………?

• Affirmative: He had done his homework.
•  Negative (Interrogative): Hadn’t he done his homework?
• অর্থ: সে কি তার বাড়ির কাজ করেনি?

Past Perfect Continuous Tense= Hadn’t+Subj+have been+verb1+ing+ …………+?

•  Affirmative: She had been waiting for a long time.
•  Negative : Hadn’t she been waiting for a long time?
•  অর্থ: সে কি অনেকক্ষণ ধরে অপেক্ষা করছিল না?

Future Simple Tense =won’t+subj+verb1+…………?

• Affirmative: They will help us.
•  Negative: Won’t they help us?
•  অর্থ: তারা কি আমাদের সাহায্য করবে না?

Future Continuous Tense = Won’t+subj+verb1+ing……..?

•  Affirmative: I will be waiting for you.
•  Negative : Won’t I be waiting for you?
•  অর্থ: আমি কি তোমার জন্য অপেক্ষা করব না?

Future Perfect Tense= Won’t+ Subj+ have+ verb3+……………?

•  Affirmative: He will have completed the project by then.
•  Negative : Won’t he have completed the project by then?
•  অর্থ: সে কি তখন পর্যন্ত প্রজেক্ট শেষ করবে না?

Future Perfect Continuous Tense= Won’t+Subj+have been+verb1+ing+ …………+?

•  Affirmative: By 2026, I will have been teaching for ten years.
•  Negative (Interrogative): Won’t I have been teaching for ten years by 2026?
• অর্থ: ২০২৬ সালের মধ্যে আমি কি দশ বছর ধরে পড়াচ্ছি না?

Modal (can/may/must)= Modal+n’t+ Subj+ verb1+……………?

• Affirmative: You can swim well.
•  Negative : Can’t you swim well?
•  অর্থ: তুমি কি ভালো সাঁতার কাটতে পারো না?

Modal (should/would) =Modal+n’t+ Subj+ verb1+……………?

•  Affirmative: We should help the poor.
•  Negative : Shouldn’t we help the poor?
•  অর্থ: আমাদের কি গরিবদের সাহায্য করা উচিত নয়?

With “to be” Verb (Identity Sentence)= Am/Is/Are/Was/Were+n’t+subj+Noun/Adj+?

•  Affirmative: She is your best friend.
• Negative : Isn’t she your best friend?
•  অর্থ: সে কি তোমার সেরা বন্ধু নয়?

 Summary (সারাংশ)

All    =       No    সবাই — কেউ না

Everybody     =      Nobody সবাই — কেউ না

Everyone  =           No one  প্রত্যেকে — কেউ না

Many    = Not a few    অনেক — অল্প কিছু

A little =  Not much     কিছুটা — খুব বেশি না

Only    =   None but    শুধু — ছাড়া কেউ না

As…as   = Not less…than    সমান — কম নয়

For the last time   =   Never again        শেষবার — আর নয়

Affirmative to Negative Sentences practice

1. Affirmative: Only my mother cares for me.
   Negative: None but my mother cares for me.
   বাংলা অর্থ: কেবল আমার মা-ই আমার জন্য যত্ন নেয়।

2. Affirmative: I have only a phone.
   Negative: I have nothing but a phone.
   বাংলা অর্থ: আমার কাছে শুধু একটি ফোন আছে।

3. Affirmative: Jerry was only four.
   Negative: Jerry was not more than four.
   বাংলা অর্থ: জেরির বয়স মাত্র চার বছর ছিল।

4. Affirmative: Samin must get A+.
   Negative: Samin cannot but get A+.
   বাংলা অর্থ: সামিন অবশ্যই A+ পাবে।

5. Negative: Samin cannot help getting A+.
   Affirmative: Samin is bound to get A+.
   বাংলা অর্থ: সামিনের A+ পাওয়া অবশ্যম্ভাবী।

6. Affirmative: I must assist my mother.
   Negative: I cannot help assisting my mother.
   বাংলা অর্থ: আমি আমার মাকে সাহায্য না করে থাকতে পারি না।

7. Affirmative: Samin has to read the Quran.
   Negative: Samin cannot but read the Quran.
   বাংলা অর্থ: সামিন কুরআন না পড়ে পারে না।

8. Affirmative: Both Samin and Sunzida are good students.
   Negative: Not only Samin but also Sunzida are good students.
   বাংলা অর্থ: সামিন ও সুনজিদা উভয়েই ভালো ছাত্রী।

9. Affirmative: Every individual desires happiness.
   Negative: There isn’t a single person who doesn’t desire happiness.
   বাংলা অর্থ: প্রত্যেক ব্যক্তি সুখী হতে চায়।

10. Negative: There is no man who does not want to be happy.
    Affirmative: All men want happiness.
    বাংলা অর্থ: সকল মানুষই সুখ চায়।

11. Affirmative: As soon as I saw him, he ran away.
    Negative: No sooner had I seen him than he ran away.
    বাংলা অর্থ: আমি তাকে দেখা মাত্রই সে পালিয়ে গেল।

12. Affirmative: Samin is the best girl in the class.
    Negative: No other girl in the class is as good as Samin.
    বাংলা অর্থ: ক্লাসে সামিনের মতো ভালো মেয়ে আর কেউ নেই।

13. Affirmative: Samin is better than any other girl in the class.
    Negative: No other girl in the class is as good as Samin.
    বাংলা অর্থ: ক্লাসে সামিন সবার চেয়ে ভালো।

14. Affirmative: Samin is an honest girl.
    Negative: Samin is not a dishonest girl.
    বাংলা অর্থ: সামিন একজন সৎ মেয়ে।

15. Affirmative: I always remember my childhood.
    Negative: I never forget my childhood.
    বাংলা অর্থ: আমি আমার শৈশব কখনও ভুলে যাই না।

16.  Affirmative: Samin occasionally arrives late to class.
    Negative: Samin is not perpetually late to class.
    বাংলা অর্থ: সামিন মাঝে মাঝে ক্লাসে দেরি করে।

17. Affirmative: Samin is as tall as Sunzida.
    Negative: Samin is not less tall than Sunzida.
    বাংলা অর্থ: সামিন সুনজিদার সমান লম্বা।

18. Affirmative: Health is wealth.
    Negative: Isn’t health wealth?
    বাংলা অর্থ: স্বাস্থ্যই তো আসল সম্পদ, তাই না?

19. Affirmative: The sun rises in the eastern sky.
    Negative: Doesn’t the sun rise in the eastern sky?
    বাংলা অর্থ:সূর্য কি পূর্ব দিক থেকে উঠে না?

20. Affirmative: I have many friends.
    Negative: I don’t have a few friends.
    বাংলা অর্থ: আমার অনেক বন্ধু আছে।

21. Affirmative: He has a few books.
    Negative: He doesn’t have many books.
    বাংলা অর্থ: তার কয়েকটি বই আছে।

22.  Affirmative: The box is too heavy for me to lift.
    Negative:The box is so heavy that I am unable to lift it.
    বাংলা অর্থ: বাক্সটি এত ভারী যে আমি তা তুলতে পারি না।

Most common adjectives in English along with their antonyms :

1. Good – Bad (ভালো – খারাপ)
2. Big – Small (বড় – ছোট)
3. Hot – Cold (গরম – ঠাণ্ডা)
4. Happy – Sad (খুশি – দুঃখিত)
5. Fast – Slow (দ্রুত – ধীর)
6. Strong – Weak (শক্তিশালী – দুর্বল)
7. Tall – Short (লম্বা – খাটো)
8. Rich – Poor (ধনী – গরিব)
9. Clean – Dirty (পরিষ্কার – নোংরা)
10. Easy – Difficult (সহজ – কঠিন)
11. Young – Old (তরুণ – বয়স্ক)
12. Light – Dark (আলোকিত – অন্ধকার)
13. Early – Late (আগে – দেরিতে)
14. Thick – Thin (পুরু – পাতলা)
15. Beautiful – Ugly (সুন্দর – কুৎসিত)
16. Soft – Hard (নরম – শক্ত)
17. Open – Closed (খোলা – বন্ধ)
18. Dry – Wet (শুকনো – ভেজা)
19. Full – Empty (ভরা – খালি)
20. Noisy – Quiet (শব্দপূর্ণ – শান্ত)
21. Wide – Narrow (চওড়া – সরু)
22. Safe – Dangerous (নিরাপদ – বিপজ্জনক)
23. Kind – Cruel (দয়ালু – নিষ্ঠুর)
24. Lazy – Active (আলস – কর্মচঞ্চল)
25. Friendly – Unfriendly (বন্ধুসুলভ – অমায়িক নয়)
26. Honest – Dishonest (সৎ – অসৎ)
27. Healthy – Sick (সুস্থ – অসুস্থ)
28. Tidy – Messy (গোছানো – অগোছালো)
29. Polite – Rude (ভদ্র – অভদ্র)
30. Busy – Free (ব্যস্ত – অবসরপ্রাপ্ত)
31. Sharp – Dull (ধারালো – ভোঁতা)
32. Deep – Shallow (গভীর – অগভীর)
33. Warm – Cool (হালকা গরম – ঠাণ্ডা)
34. Cheap – Expensive (সস্তা – দামী)
35. Modern – Old-fashioned (আধুনিক – সেকেলে)
36. Fresh – Stale (তাজা – বাসি)
37. Brave – Cowardly (সাহসী – ভীতু)
38. Interesting – Boring (মজার – বিরক্তিকর)
39. Bright – Dull (উজ্জ্বল – নিষ্প্রভ)
40. Clear – Cloudy (পরিষ্কার – মেঘাচ্ছন্ন)
41. Fat – Thin (মোটা – পাতলা)
42. Loud – Low (উচ্চস্বরে – নিচুস্বরে)
43. Sweet – Bitter (মিষ্টি – তেতো)
44. Curly – Straight (ঘুঙ্গিনি – সোজা)
45. Hardworking – Lazy (পরিশ্রমী – অলস)
46. Generous – Mean (উদার – কৃপণ)
47. Creative – Unimaginative (সৃষ্টিশীল – কল্পনাহীন)
48. Hopeful – Hopeless (আশাবাদী – নিরাশ)
49. Intelligent – Foolish (বুদ্ধিমান – বোকা)
50. Grateful – Ungrateful (কৃতজ্ঞ – অকৃতজ্ঞ)
51. Absent – Present (অনুপস্থিত – উপস্থিত)
52. Active – Inactive / Idle (সক্রিয় – নিষ্ক্রিয় / অলস)
53. Mortal – Immortal (নশ্বর – অমর)
54. Always – Never (সবসময় – কখনও না)
55. Obedient – Disobedient (আজ্ঞাবহ – অবাধ্য)
56. Brave – Coward (সাহসী – ভীতু)
57. Comfortable – Uncomfortable (আরামদায়ক – অস্বস্তিকর)
58. Pleasant – Unpleasant (মনোরম – অমনোরম)
59. Doubtful – Sure (সন্দেহজনক – নিশ্চিত)
60. Friend – Enemy / Foe (বন্ধু – শত্রু)
61. Pleased – Displeased (সন্তুষ্ট – অসন্তুষ্ট)
62. Possible – Impossible (সম্ভব – অসম্ভব)
63. Punctual – Late / Irregular (সময়নিষ্ঠ – দেরি / অনিয়মিত)
64. Grateful – Ungrateful (কৃতজ্ঞ – অকৃতজ্ঞ)
65. Healthy – Unhealthy (সুস্থ – অসুস্থ)
66. Responsible – Irresponsible (দায়িত্বশীল – দায়িত্বহীন)
67. Honest – Dishonest (সৎ – অসৎ)
68. Rich – Poor (ধনী – গরিব)
69. Honour – Dishonour (সম্মান – অসম্মান)
70. Right – Wrong (সঠিক – ভুল)
71. Just – Unjust (ন্যায়পরায়ণ – অন্যায়কারী)
72. Sincere – Insincere (আন্তরিক – অনানুষ্ঠানিক / মিথ্যা)
73. Kind – Unkind / Cruel (দয়ালু – নিষ্ঠুর)
74. Solvent – Insolvent (দেনামুক্ত – দেউলিয়া)
75. Literate – Illiterate (সাক্ষর – নিরক্ষর)
76. Wise – Unwise (বুদ্ধিমান – মূর্খ)
77. Strong – Weak (শক্তিশালী – দুর্বল)

 Common English verbs along with their antonyms 

1. Accept – Reject (গ্রহণ করা – প্রত্যাখ্যান করা)
2. Agree – Disagree (একমত হওয়া – দ্বিমত হওয়া)
3. Allow – Forbid (অনুমতি দেয়া – নিষেধ করা)
4. Arrive – Depart (পৌঁছানো – বিদায় নেওয়া)
5. Ask – Answer (জিজ্ঞাসা করা – উত্তর দেয়া)
6. Begin – End (শুরু করা – শেষ করা)
7. Believe – Doubt (বিশ্বাস করা – সন্দেহ করা)
8. Build – Destroy (তৈরি করা – ধ্বংস করা)
9. Buy – Sell (কেনা – বিক্রি করা)
10. Come – Go (আসা – যাওয়া)
11. Create – Ruin (সৃষ্টি করা – নষ্ট করা)
12. Cry – Laugh (কাঁদা – হাসা)
13. Find – Lose (খোঁজা / পাওয়া – হারানো)
14. Finish – Start (শেষ করা – শুরু করা)
15. Forget – Remember (ভুলে যাওয়া – মনে রাখা)
16. Give – Take (দেয়া – নেওয়া)
17. Grow – Shrink (বড় হওয়া – ছোট হওয়া)
18. Help – Harm (সাহায্য করা – ক্ষতি করা)
19. Hide – Show (লুকানো – দেখানো)
20. Hope – Despair (আশা করা – হতাশ হওয়া)
21. Improve – Worsen (উন্নতি করা – খারাপ হওয়া)
22. Increase – Decrease (বাড়ানো – কমানো)
23. Join – Separate (যুক্ত হওয়া – বিচ্ছিন্ন হওয়া)
24. Know – Ignore (জানা – অবহেলা করা)
25. Laugh – Cry (হাসা – কাঁদা)
26. Lead – Follow (নেতৃত্ব দেয়া – অনুসরণ করা)
27. Learn – Forget (শেখা – ভুলে যাওয়া)
28. Leave – Stay (চলে যাওয়া – থাকা)
29. Like – Hate (পছন্দ করা – ঘৃণা করা)
30. Live – Die (বাঁচা – মারা যাওয়া)
31. Love – Hate (ভালোবাসা – ঘৃণা করা)
32. Open – Close (খোলা – বন্ধ করা)
33. Pass – Fail (পাস করা – ফেল করা)
34. Permit – Prohibit (অনুমোদন করা – নিষেধ করা)
35. Play – Work (খেলা – কাজ করা)
36. Pull – Push (টানা – ঠেলা)
37. Raise – Lower (উপরে তোলা – নিচে নামানো)
38. Remember – Forget (মনে রাখা – ভুলে যাওয়া)
39. Reply – Question (উত্তর দেয়া – প্রশ্ন করা)
40. Rest – Work (বিশ্রাম নেওয়া – কাজ করা)
41. Rise – Fall (উঠা – পড়া)
42. Save – Spend (সঞ্চয় করা – খরচ করা)
43. Send – Receive (পাঠানো – গ্রহণ করা)
44. Show – Hide (দেখানো – লুকানো)
45. Sit – Stand (বসা – দাঁড়ানো)
46. Sleep – Wake (ঘুমানো – জাগা)
47. Speak – Remain silent (কথা বলা – চুপ থাকা)
48. Start – Stop (শুরু করা – থামা)
49. Teach – Learn (শেখানো – শেখা)
50. Win – Lose (জয়লাভ করা – হারানো)

More practice of Affirmative to Negative

1. Affirmative: He is always punctual.
   Negative: He is never late.
    সে সবসময় সময়মতো আসে। / সে কখনো দেরি করে না।

2. Affirmative: She is very intelligent.
   Negative: She is not unintelligent.
    সে খুব বুদ্ধিমান। / সে বোকা নয়।

3. Affirmative: They respect their elders.
   Negative: They do not disrespect their elders.
    তারা তাদের বড়দের সম্মান করে। / তারা তাদের বড়দের অসম্মান করে না।

4. Affirmative: She accepted the offer.
   Negative: She did not reject the offer.
    সে প্রস্তাবটি গ্রহণ করেছে। / সে প্রস্তাবটি প্রত্যাখ্যান করেনি।

5. Affirmative: I like tea.
   Negative: I do not dislike tea.
    আমি চা পছন্দ করি। / আমি চা অপছন্দ করি না।

6. Affirmative: He is rich.
   Negative: He is not poor.
    সে ধনী। / সে গরিব নয়।

7. Affirmative: This is a good idea.
   Negative: This is not a bad idea.
    এটা একটা ভালো ধারণা। / এটা খারাপ ধারণা নয়।

8. Affirmative: I shall obey you.
   Negative: I shall not disobey you.
    আমি তোমার কথা মানব। / আমি তোমার কথা অমান্য করব না।

9. Affirmative: He is a wise man.
   Negative: He is not a fool.
    সে একজন জ্ঞানী মানুষ। / সে বোকা নয়।

10. Affirmative: She told the truth.
    Negative: She did not tell a lie.
     সে সত্য বলেছে। / সে মিথ্যা বলেনি।

11. Affirmative: He is always honest.
    Negative: He is never dishonest.
    সে সবসময় সৎ। / সে কখনো অসৎ নয়।

12. Affirmative: I trust you.
    Negative: I do not doubt you.
     আমি তোমার ওপর বিশ্বাস করি। / আমি তোমার ওপর সন্দেহ করি না।

13. Affirmative: They won the match.
    Negative: They did not lose the match.
     তারা খেলা জিতেছে। / তারা খেলা হারেনি।

14. Affirmative: He is my friend.
    Negative: He is not my enemy.
    সে আমার বন্ধু। / সে আমার শত্রু নয়।

15. Affirmative: The room is clean.
    Negative: The room is not dirty.
     ঘরটি পরিষ্কার। / ঘরটি নোংরা নয়।

16. Affirmative: I remember him.
    Negative: I do not forget him.
     আমি তাকে মনে রাখি। / আমি তাকে ভুলে যাই না।

17. Affirmative: She is brave.
    Negative: She is not a coward.
     সে সাহসী। / সে ভীতু নয়।

18. Affirmative: This task is easy.
    Negative: This task is not difficult.
     এই কাজটি সহজ। / এই কাজটি কঠিন নয়।

19. Affirmative: He spoke politely.
    Negative: He did not speak rudely.
     সে ভদ্রভাবে কথা বলেছে। / সে রূঢ়ভাবে কথা বলেনি।

20. Affirmative: You are welcome here.
    Negative: You are not unwelcome here.
     এখানে তোমাকে স্বাগত জানানো হচ্ছে। / এখানে তোমাকে অস্বাগত জানানো হচ্ছে না।

21. Affirmative: I agree with you.
    Negative: I do not disagree with you.
     আমি তোমার সাথে একমত। / আমি তোমার সাথে দ্বিমত পোষণ করি না।

22. Affirmative: He is a kind man.
    Negative: He is not a cruel man.
     সে একজন দয়ালু মানুষ। / সে একজন নিষ্ঠুর মানুষ নয়।

23. Affirmative: She is beautiful.
    Negative: She is not ugly.
     সে সুন্দর। / সে কুৎসিত নয়।

24. Affirmative: The boy is active.
    Negative: The boy is not lazy.
     ছেলেটি সক্রিয়। / ছেলেটি অলস নয়।

25. Affirmative: This is a new book.
    Negative: This is not an old book.
     এটি একটি নতুন বই। / এটি একটি পুরনো বই নয়।

26. Affirmative: He is clever.
    Negative: He is not stupid.
     সে চতুর। / সে নির্বোধ নয়।

27. Affirmative: I accept your offer.
    Negative: I do not reject your offer.
     আমি তোমার প্রস্তাব গ্রহণ করছি। / আমি তোমার প্রস্তাব প্রত্যাখ্যান করছি না।

28. Affirmative: He is strong.
    Negative: He is not weak.
     সে শক্তিশালী। / সে দুর্বল নয়।

29. Affirmative: The girl is confident.
    Negative: The girl is not nervous.
     মেয়েটি আত্মবিশ্বাসী। / মেয়েটি নার্ভাস নয়।

30. Affirmative: He is my well-wisher.
    Negative: He is not my enemy.
     সে আমার মঙ্গলচিন্তক। / সে আমার শত্রু নয়।

31. Affirmative: I saw everything.
    Negative: I did not miss anything.
     আমি সবকিছু দেখেছি। / আমি কিছুই মিস করিনি।

32. Affirmative: He is very careful.
    Negative: He is not careless.
     সে খুব সতর্ক। / সে অসতর্ক নয়।

33. Affirmative: You are quite fit.
    Negative: You are not unfit. তুমি একদম সুস্থ। / তুমি অসুস্থ নও।

34. Affirmative: She is helpful.
    Negative: She is not indifferent.
     সে সাহায্যকারী। / সে উদাসীন নয়।

35. Affirmative: I am hopeful.
    Negative: I am not hopeless.
     আমি আশাবাদী। / আমি নিরাশ নই।

36. Affirmative: He is hardworking.
    Negative: He is not lazy.
     সে পরিশ্রমী। / সে অলস নয়।

37. Affirmative: This news is true.
    Negative: This news is not false.
    এই সংবাদটি সত্য। / এই সংবাদটি মিথ্যা নয়।

38. Affirmative: You are wise.
    Negative: You are not foolish.
     তুমি জ্ঞানী। / তুমি নির্বোধ নও।

39. Affirmative: The sky is clear.
    Negative: The sky is not cloudy.
     আকাশ পরিষ্কার। / আকাশ মেঘলা নয়।

40. Affirmative: She sings sweetly.
    Negative: She does not sing harshly.
     সে মধুরভাবে গান গায়। / সে কর্কশভাবে গান গায় না।

41. Affirmative: They live in peace.
    Negative: They do not live in chaos.
     তারা শান্তিতে বসবাস করে। / তারা বিশৃঙ্খলায় বাস করে না।

42. Affirmative: She is my sister.
    Negative: She is not my stranger.
     সে আমার বোন। / সে আমার অজানা নয়।

43. Affirmative: The food is tasty.
    Negative: The food is not bad.
     খাবারটি সুস্বাদু। / খাবারটি খারাপ নয়।

44. Affirmative: We should speak the truth.
    Negative: We should not tell a lie.
     আমাদের সত্য বলা উচিত। / আমাদের মিথ্যা বলা উচিত নয়।

45. Affirmative: You are quite healthy.
    Negative: You are not sick.
     তুমি পুরোপুরি সুস্থ। / তুমি অসুস্থ নও।

46. Affirmative: He is a great leader.
    Negative: He is not an ordinary leader.
    সে একজন মহান নেতা। / সে সাধারণ নেতা নয়।

47. Affirmative: I can solve the problem.
    Negative: I cannot fail to solve the problem.
    আমি সমস্যাটি সমাধান করতে পারি। / আমি সমস্যাটি সমাধান করতে ব্যর্থ হতে পারি না।

Assertive থেকে Interrogative

Short Rules

Rule (1) Sentences starting with “No one / None / Nobody”

Assertive: Nobody / No one / None =Who  + মূল Verb থেকে বাকিটুকু?
Interrogative Structure: Who  + মূল Verb থেকে বাকিটুকু? বা No one / None / Nobody + verb = Who + verb + rest of the sentence + ?

Example:

Assertive: No one can avoid death.

Interrogative: Who can avoid death?

 অর্থ: কেউ মৃত্যুকে এড়াতে পারে না। / কে মৃত্যুকে এড়াতে পারে?

Assertive: Nobody is completely happy in this world.

Interrogative: Who is completely happy in this world? পৃথিবীতে সম্পূর্ণ সুখী কে?

Assertive: Nobody helped you.
Interrogative: Who helped you?
 কে তোমাকে সাহায্য করেছিল?

Assertive: No one called me last night.
Interrogative: Who called you last night?
 গত রাতে কে আমাকে ফোন করেছিল?

Assertive: None of them agreed to the plan.
Interrogative: Who agreed to the plan?
 কে পরিকল্পনাটিতে রাজি হয়েছিল?

Assertive: Nobody saw the accident.
Interrogative: Who saw the accident?
 দুর্ঘটনাটা কে দেখেছিল?

Assertive: No one answered the question.
Interrogative: Who answered the question?
প্রশ্নটির উত্তর কে দিয়েছিল?

Assertive: None of the students submitted the assignment.
Interrogative: Who submitted the assignment?
 কে অ্যাসাইনমেন্ট জমা দিয়েছিল?

Assertive: Nobody opened the door.
Interrogative: Who opened the door?
 দরজাটা কে খুলেছিল?

Assertive: No one visited him in the hospital.
Interrogative: Who visited him in the hospital?
 হাসপাতালে কে তাকে দেখতে গিয়েছিল?

Assertive: None of the players scored a goal.
Interrogative: Who scored a goal?
 গোল কে করেছিল?

Assertive: Nobody cleaned the room.
Interrogative: Who cleaned the room?
 ঘরটা কে পরিষ্কার করেছিল?

Structure 2:

We can also replace No one / None / Nobody with=  Anyone / Anybody,

and use the helping verb (can, does, did, etc.) before the subject.

Structure:

 Auxiliary verb + subject + anyone / anybody + main verb + rest + ?

 Examples:

Assertive: None can enjoy pure happiness on this earth.

Interrogative: Can anyone enjoy pure happiness on this earth?  কেউ কি এই পৃথিবীতে সম্পূর্ণ সুখ উপভোগ করতে পারে?

Assertive: No one can prosper without working hard.

Interrogative: Can anyone prosper without working hard?  কঠোর পরিশ্রম ছাড়া কি কেউ উন্নতি করতে পারে?

Rule (2)   “All / Everyone / Everybody”  দিয়ে sentence শুরু হলে।

Interrogative Structure:  Who + যে কোনো auxiliary verb+ not + main Verb থেকে বাকিটুকু?+ ? 

বা Was/Is there anybody who  + যে কোনো auxiliary verb + not + main Verb থেকে বাকিটুকু??

Example:

Assertive: Everybody hates a liar.
Interrogative: Who does not hate a liar?
 কে একজন মিথ্যাবাদীকে অপছন্দ করে না?

Assertive: Everyone respects honest people.
Interrogative: Who does not respect honest people?
 কে সৎ মানুষদের শ্রদ্ধা করে না?

Assertive: Somebody loves you.
Interrogative: Who does not love you?
 কে তোমাকে ভালোবাসে না?

Assertive: All trust their teacher.
Interrogative: Who do not trust their teacher?
 কে তাদের শিক্ষকের উপর ভরসা করে না?

Assertive: Someone knows the answer.
Interrogative: Who does not know the answer?
 কে উত্তরটা জানে না?

Assertive: Everybody enjoyed the party.
Interrogative: Who did not enjoy the party?
 কে পার্টিতে আনন্দ পায়নি?

Assertive: Everyone supported the decision.
Interrogative: Who did not support the decision?
 কে সিদ্ধান্তটির পক্ষে ছিল না?

Assertive: All students completed the task.
Interrogative: Who did not complete the task?
 কে কাজটা সম্পন্ন করেনি?

Assertive: Somebody called you this morning.
Interrogative: Who did not call you this morning?
 আজ সকালে কে তোমাকে ফোন করেনি?

Assertive: Someone opened the window.
Interrogative: Who did not open the window?
জানালাটা কে খুলেনি?

Assertive: Everybody was selected.

Interrogative: Who was not selected?

Or, Was there anybody who was not selected? নির্বাচিত হয়নি কে?

Assertive: Everybody was happy.

Interrogative: Who was not happy?

Or, Was there anybody who was not happy? খুশি হয়নি কে?

Assertive: Everyone is greedy for money.

Interrogative: Who is not greedy for money? টাকার জন্য লোভী নয় কে?

মনে রেখোঃ

• যদি Assertive বাক্য Affirmative হয়, তাহলে Interrogative structure-এ “not” যোগ করবো।

• যদি Assertive বাক্য Negative হয়, তাহলে Interrogative structure-এ “not” যোগ করবো না।

Rule (3) নিয়ম বিহীন Affirmative……… Present Indefinite Tense এর গঠন
গঠনঃ Doesn’t /Don’t+ subject + মুল verb + বাকিটুকু? 

Example:

 Assertive: Rima sings well.

Negative Interrogative: Doesn’t Rima sing well? রিমা কি ভালো গান গায় না?

Assertive: He plays football.

Negative Interrogative: Doesn’t he play football? সে কি ফুটবল খেলে না?

 Assertive: The cat drinks milk.

Negative Interrogative: Doesn’t the cat drink milk? বিড়ালটা কি দুধ খায় না?

 Assertive: My father reads the newspaper daily.

Negative Interrogative: Doesn’t my father read the newspaper daily? আমার বাবা কি রোজ পত্রিকা পড়েন না?

Assertive: She speaks English fluently.

Negative Interrogative: Doesn’t she speak English fluently? সে কি ইংরেজি সাবলীলভাবে বলতে পারে না?

 Assertive: The sun rises in the east.

Negative Interrogative: Doesn’t the sun rise in the east?  সূর্য কি পূর্ব দিকে ওঠে না?

 Assertive: Mina watches TV at night.

Negative Interrogative: Doesn’t Mina watch TV at night?  মিনা কি রাতে টিভি দেখে না?

 Assertive: A doctor treats patients.

Negative Interrogative: Doesn’t a doctor treat patients?  একজন ডাক্তার কি রোগীদের চিকিৎসা করে না?

 Assertive: He drives carefully.

Negative Interrogative: Doesn’t he drive carefully?  সে কি সতর্কভাবে গাড়ি চালায় না?

 Assertive: The baby cries a lot.

Negative Interrogative: Doesn’t the baby cry a lot? শিশুটি কি অনেক কাঁদে না?

Don’t + Subject + Base Verb¹ + বাকি অংশ  + ?

Example:

Assertive: They go to school.
 Interrogative: Don’t they go to school?
 তারা কি স্কুলে যায় না?

Assertive: We play cricket every Friday.
Interrogative: Don’t we play cricket every Friday?
 আমরা কি প্রতি শুক্রবার ক্রিকেট খেলি না?

Assertive: I eat vegetables every day.
 Interrogative: Don’t I eat vegetables every day?
 আমি কি প্রতিদিন সবজি খাই না?

Assertive: You help your parents.
 Interrogative: Don’t you help your parents?
 তুমি কি তোমার বাবা-মাকে সাহায্য করো না?

Assertive: They speak Spanish fluently.
 Interrogative: Don’t they speak Spanish fluently?
তারা কি স্প্যানিশ সাবলীলভাবে বলতে পারে না?

Assertive: We watch movies on weekends.
 Interrogative: Don’t we watch movies on weekends?
 আমরা কি ছুটির দিনে সিনেমা দেখি না?

Assertive: I visit my grandparents often.
 Interrogative: Don’t I visit my grandparents often?
 আমি কি প্রায়ই আমার দাদু-দিদাকে দেখতে যাই না?

Assertive: You read books regularly.
 Interrogative: Don’t you read books regularly?
 তুমি কি নিয়মিত বই পড়ো না?

Assertive: The children play in the park.
 Interrogative: Don’t the children play in the park?
 বাচ্চারা কি পার্কে খেলাধুলা করে না?

Assertive: We study together.
 Interrogative: Don’t we study together?
 আমরা কি একসাথে পড়াশোনা করি না?

Rule (5)

নিয়ম বিহীন Affirmative……… Past Indefinite Tense এর গঠন
গঠনঃ Didn’t+ subject + মুল verb + বাকিটুকু? 

Example:

Assertive: They went to school.
Interrogative: Didn’t they go to school?
 তারা কি স্কুলে যায়নি?

Assertive: He ate all the apples.
Interrogative: Didn’t he eat all the apples?
 সে কি সবগুলো আপেল খায়নি?

Assertive: We watched the movie last night.
Interrogative: Didn’t we watch the movie last night?
 আমরা কি গত রাতে সিনেমাটা দেখিনি?

Assertive: She cleaned the room.
Interrogative: Didn’t she clean the room?
 সে কি ঘরটা পরিষ্কার করেনি?

Assertive: I met him yesterday.
Interrogative: Didn’t I meet him yesterday?
 আমি কি তাকে গতকাল দেখিনি?

Assertive: You called me in the morning.
Interrogative: Didn’t you call me in the morning?
তুমি কি আমাকে সকালে ফোন করোনি?

Assertive: They finished the work on time.
Interrogative: Didn’t they finish the work on time?
 তারা কি সময়মতো কাজটা শেষ করেনি?

Assertive: She sang beautifully.
Interrogative: Didn’t she sing beautifully?
 সে কি সুন্দরভাবে গান গায়নি?

Assertive: We went shopping yesterday.
Interrogative: Didn’t we go shopping yesterday?
 আমরা কি গতকাল বাজারে যাইনি?

Rule (6)

নিয়ম বিহীন Affirmative………Perfect  Tense এর গঠন
গঠনঃ Have/has/had+ n’t+ subject + verb³ + বাকিটুকু? 

Example:

Assertive: They had gone to school.
Interrogative: Hadn’t they gone to school?
 তারা কি স্কুলে যায়নি?

Assertive: She has finished her homework.
Interrogative: Hasn’t she finished her homework?
 সে কি তার হোমওয়ার্ক শেষ করেনি?

Assertive: We have seen that movie.
Interrogative: Haven’t we seen that movie?
 আমরা কি সিনেমাটা দেখিনি?

Assertive: He had completed the task before evening.
Interrogative: Hadn’t he completed the task before evening?
সে কি সন্ধ্যার আগে কাজটা শেষ করেনি?

Assertive: I have told you the truth.
Interrogative: Haven’t I told you the truth?
 আমি কি তোমাকে সত্যটা বলিনি?

Assertive: You have heard the news.
Interrogative: Haven’t you heard the news?
 তুমি কি খবরটা শুনোনি?

Assertive: She has taken the medicine.
Interrogative: Hasn’t she taken the medicine?
সে কি ওষুধটা খায়নি?

Assertive: The boys have done their work.
Interrogative: Haven’t the boys done their work?
ছেলেরা কি তাদের কাজ করেনি?

Assertive: We had planned the trip earlier.
Interrogative: Hadn’t we planned the trip earlier?
আমরা কি আগেই ভ্রমণের পরিকল্পনা করিনি?

Assertive: He has written the letter.
Interrogative: Hasn’t he written the letter?
সে কি চিঠিটা লেখেনি?

Rule (7)

নিয়ম বিহীন Affirmative With  continuous tense………Continuous  এর গঠন।
গঠনঃ Am/is/are+ n’t+ subject + verb¹+ing + বাকিটুকু?  

Example:

Assertive: They are going to school.
Interrogative: Aren’t they going to school?
 তারা কি স্কুলে যাচ্ছেনা?

Assertive: She is singing a song.
Interrogative: Isn’t she singing a song?
 সে কি গান গাইছে না?

Assertive: We are watching TV.
Interrogative: Aren’t we watching TV?
 আমরা কি টিভি দেখছি না?

Assertive: I am reading a book.
Interrogative: Am I not reading a book?
 আমি কি বই পড়ছি না?

Assertive: He was playing football.
Interrogative: Wasn’t he playing football?
 সে কি ফুটবল খেলছিল না?

Assertive: You are learning English.
Interrogative: Aren’t you learning English?
 তুমি কি ইংরেজি শিখছো না?

Assertive: It is raining heavily.
Interrogative: Isn’t it raining heavily?
 কি ভারি বৃষ্টি হচ্ছে না?

Assertive: They were studying for the exam.
Interrogative: Weren’t they studying for the exam?
 তারা কি পরীক্ষার জন্য পড়াশোনা করছিল না?

Assertive: The boys are playing in the field.
Interrogative: Aren’t the boys playing in the field?
 ছেলেরা কি মাঠে খেলছে না?

Assertive: She was cooking lunch.
Interrogative: Wasn’t the cooking lunch?
 সে কি দুপুরের খাবার রান্না করছিল না?

Rule:8:

নিয়ম বিহীন Affirmative With modal auxiliary………Modal  এর গঠন।

Assertive: Subject + Modal Verb (Can, Will, Would, Should, etc.) + Base Verb¹ + বাকি অংশ.

 Interrogative: Can’t / Won’t / Wouldn’t / Shouldn’t + Subject + Base Verb¹ + বাকি অংশ.+ ?

 Examples :

 Assertive: He can swim well.

Interrogative: Can’t he swim well?সে কি ভালো সাঁতার কাটতে পারে না?

Assertive: She will help you.

Interrogative: Won’t she help you? সে কি তোমাকে সাহায্য করবে না?

 Assertive: They would come tomorrow.

Interrogative: Wouldn’t they come tomorrow? তারা কি আগামীকাল আসত না?

 Assertive: You should obey your parents.

Interrogative: Shouldn’t you obey your parents? তোমার কি তোমার বাবা-মার কথা মানা উচিত নয়?

Assertive: He can do this work easily.

Interrogative: Can’t he do this work easily? সে কি সহজেই এই কাজটি করতে পারে না?

 Assertive: We will visit our uncle soon.

Interrogative: Won’t we visit our uncle soon?আমরা কি শিগগিরই আমাদের চাচার কাছে যাব না?

 Assertive: You would like this song.

Interrogative: Wouldn’t you like this song?তুমি কি এই গানটি পছন্দ করতে না?

 Assertive: She should study regularly.

Interrogative: Shouldn’t she study regularly?  তার কি নিয়মিত পড়াশোনা করা উচিত নয়?

 Assertive: He can speak English fluently.

Interrogative: Can’t he speak English fluently?

 সে কি সাবলীলভাবে ইংরেজি বলতে পারে না?

 Assertive: They will play football in the afternoon.

Interrogative: Won’t they play football in the afternoon?  তারা কি বিকেলে ফুটবল খেলবে না?

 Summary (সারসংক্ষেপ):

• Assertive → Interrogative:  Can / Will / Would / Should → Can’t / Won’t / Wouldn’t / Shouldn’t + Subject + Verb¹ + ?

Rule(9)

 Assertive: There is / There are / There was / There were + বাকিটুকু।

 Interrogative: Isn’t / Aren’t / Wasn’t / Weren’t +there + বাকিটুকু + ?

 Examples :

 Assertive: There is a book on the table.

Interrogative: Isn’t there a book on the table? টেবিলের ওপর কি একটা বই নেই?

Assertive: There are many students in the class.

Interrogative: Aren’t there many students in the class? ক্লাসে কি অনেক ছাত্র নেই?

 Assertive: There is a cat in the room.

Interrogative: Isn’t there a cat in the room? ঘরে কি একটা বিড়াল নেই?

 Assertive: There are some flowers in the garden.

Interrogative: Aren’t there some flowers in the garden? বাগানে কি কিছু ফুল নেই?

 Assertive: There was a pen on the desk.

Interrogative: Wasn’t there a pen on the desk? ডেস্কে কি একটা কলম ছিল না?

 Assertive: There were many guests at the party.

Interrogative: Weren’t there many guests at the party? পার্টিতে কি অনেক অতিথি ছিল না?

 Assertive: There was a problem in the system.

Interrogative: Wasn’t there a problem in the system? সিস্টেমে কি একটা সমস্যা ছিল না?

Assertive: There were some mistakes in your answer.

Interrogative: Weren’t there some mistakes in your answer?তোমার উত্তরে কি কিছু ভুল ছিল না?

 Assertive: There is a train at 6 o’clock.

Interrogative: Isn’t there a train at 6 o’clock? ছ’টায় কি একটা ট্রেন নেই?

 Assertive: There are birds on the tree.

Interrogative: Aren’t there birds on the tree? গাছে কি পাখি নেই?

 Rule:10

 Assertive: Subject + never + verb + বাকিটুকু।

 Interrogative: Does / Did / Has + subject + ever + verb + বাকিটুকু + ?

“Never” মানে কখনো না — এই শব্দটি থাকলে প্রশ্নে ever (কখনো) ব্যবহার করে বাক্যটি Interrogative হয়।

 Examples :

 Assertive: He never tells lies.

Interrogative: Does he ever tell lies?সে কি কখনো মিথ্যা বলে?

 Assertive: She never eats meat.

Interrogative: Does she ever eat meat?সে কি কখনো মাংস খায়?

 Assertive: They never go to school late.

Interrogative: Do they ever go to school late?তারা কি কখনো দেরিতে স্কুলে যায়?

 Assertive: Rima never helps the poor.

Interrogative: Does Rima ever help the poor? রিমা কি কখনো গরিবদের সাহায্য করে?

 Assertive: He never played football.

Interrogative: Did he ever play football? সে কি কখনো ফুটবল খেলেছিল?

 Assertive: I never saw such a thing.

Interrogative: Did I ever see such a thing? আমি কি কখনো এমন কিছু দেখেছি?

Assertive: She has never visited Dhaka.

Interrogative: Has she ever visited Dhaka? সে কি কখনো ঢাকায় গেছে?

 Assertive: We have never heard this story.

Interrogative: Have we ever heard this story? আমরা কি কখনো এই গল্পটি শুনেছি?

 Assertive: He never drinks coffee.

Interrogative: Does he ever drink coffee?সে কি কখনো কফি খায়?

 Assertive: My father never told a lie.

Interrogative: Did my father ever tell a lie? আমার বাবা কি কখনো মিথ্যা বলেছেন?

Summary (সারসংক্ষেপ):

Assertive (Affirmative meaning “Never”)      Interrogative Form    Bangla Meaning

Never tells → Does … ever tell         সে কি কখনো বলে?    

Never eats → Does … ever eat         সে কি কখনো খায়?    

Never went → Did … ever go সে কি কখনো গিয়েছিল?

Never seen → Has … ever seen        সে কি কখনো দেখেছে? 

Structure:

 Assertive → Subject + never + verb + বাকিটুকু।

 Interrogative → Does / Did / Has + subject + ever + verb + বাকিটুকু + ?

Rule(11) : Assertive: Every + Noun + Verb + Rest of the sentence.

Interrogative: Is/was there any + Noun + who does not/did not + Base Verb¹ + বাকি অংশ+ ?

 Examples:

Assertive: Every student loves his teacher.

Interrogative: Is there any student who does not love his teacher? এমন কোনো ছাত্র আছে কি যে তার শিক্ষককে ভালোবাসে না?

Assertive: Every child likes chocolate.

Interrogative: Is there any child who does not like chocolate? এমন কোনো শিশু আছে কি যে চকোলেট পছন্দ করে না?

 Assertive: Every man wants to be happy.

Interrogative: Is there any man who does not want to be happy? এমন কোনো মানুষ আছে কি যে সুখী হতে চায় না?

 Assertive: Every teacher helps his students.

Interrogative: Is there any teacher who does not help his students? এমন কোনো শিক্ষক আছেন কি যিনি তাঁর ছাত্রদের সাহায্য করেন না?

 Assertive: Every player tries to win the match.

Interrogative: Is there any player who does not try to win the match? এমন কোনো খেলোয়াড় আছে কি যে ম্যাচ জিততে চেষ্টা করে না?

 Assertive: Every bird flies in the sky.

Interrogative: Is there any bird who does not fly in the sky? এমন কোনো পাখি আছে কি যে আকাশে উড়ে না?

 Assertive: Every student wants to pass the exam.

Interrogative: Is there any student who does not want to pass the exam?  এমন কোনো ছাত্র আছে কি যে পরীক্ষায় পাস করতে চায় না?

 Assertive: Every boy plays football in the field.

Interrogative: Is there any boy who does not play football in the field? এমন কোনো ছেলে আছে কি যে মাঠে ফুটবল খেলে না?

 Assertive: Every girl likes to sing.

Interrogative: Is there any girl who does not like to sing? এমন কোনো মেয়ে আছে কি যে গান গাইতে পছন্দ করে না?

Summary (সারসংক্ষেপ):

Rule: Every + Noun → Is there any + Noun + who does not + Verb + ?

“প্রত্যেকে” বা “সবাই” বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত বাক্যকে প্রশ্নে রূপান্তর করতে “Is there any…who does not…” ব্যবহার করা হয়।

Rule (12) Never → Ever

Assertive: He has never visited Dhaka.

 Interrogative: Has he ever visited Dhaka?

 অর্থ: সে কখনো ঢাকায় যায়নি। / সে কি কখনো ঢাকায় গিয়েছে?

Rule (13) Nobody → Anybody

 Assertive: Nobody helped the old man.

 Interrogative: Did anybody help the old man?

অর্থ: কেউ বৃদ্ধ মানুষটিকে সাহায্য করেনি। / কেউ কি বৃদ্ধ মানুষটিকে সাহায্য করেছিল?

Rule (14) No one → Anyone

Assertive: No one understood the question.

 Interrogative: Did anyone understand the question?

 বাংলা অর্থ: কেউ প্রশ্নটি বুঝতে পারেনি। / কেউ কি প্রশ্নটি বুঝেছিল?

Rule (15)  None → Anyone

 Assertive: None of the students passed the test.

 Interrogative: Did anyone pass the test?

 বাংলা অর্থ: কোনো শিক্ষার্থী পরীক্ষায় পাস করেনি। / কেউ কি পরীক্ষায় পাস করেছিল?

Rule (16) Nothing → Anything

 Assertive: They said nothing about the plan.

Interrogative: Did they say anything about the plan?

 অর্থ: তারা পরিকল্পনা সম্পর্কে কিছু বলেনি। / তারা কি পরিকল্পনা সম্পর্কে কিছু বলেছিল?

Rule 17: No / None / Nothing → Any / Anything

 Assertive: There is no hope left.

 Interrogative: Is there any hope left?

 বাংলা অর্থ: কোনো আশা নেই। / কোনো আশা কি বাকি আছে?

 Rule 18: Always ↔ Never

 Assertive: He always tells the truth.

 Interrogative: Does he never tell the truth?

  অর্থ: সে সবসময় সত্য বলে। / সে কি কখনো সত্য বলে না?

 Rule 19: : Nothing but → What… but

 Assertive: Life is nothing but a journey.

 Interrogative: What is life but a journey?

বাংলা অর্থ: জীবন কেবল একটি যাত্রা। / জীবন আর কী, শুধু একটি যাত্রা নয়

 Rule 20: For sentences without helping verbs, use do/does/did+n’t+subj+ verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত+?

 Assertive: I play cricket.
 Interrogative: Don’t I play cricket?
বাংলা অর্থ: আমি ক্রিকেট খেলি। / আমি কি ক্রিকেট খেলি?

 Assertive: He liked the movie.
 Interrogative: Didn’t he like the movie?
বাংলা অর্থ: সে সিনেমাটি পছন্দ করেছিল। / সে কি সিনেমাটি পছন্দ করেছিল?

 Explanation:
যখন বাক্যে helping verb (am, is, are, was, were, have, has, had, will, shall ইত্যাদি) থাকে না, তখন প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্য গঠনের জন্য do / does / did ব্যবহার করা হয়।

• Present tense → do / does
• Past tense → did

Assertive To Imperative

Rule (1) You যুক্ত affirmative sentence কে Imperative করার নিয়ম = মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত।

Example:

Assertive: You should have done the work.

Imperative:  Do the work.

Assertive: You must finish your homework.
Imperative: Finish your homework.

Assertive: You should speak loudly in the meeting.
Imperative: Speak loudly in the meeting.

Assertive: You need to clean the room.
Imperative: Clean the room.

Assertive: You should tell the truth.
Imperative: Tell the truth.

Assertive: You have to complete the task before the deadline.
Imperative: Complete the task before the deadline.

Assertive: You should help your friend with the project.
Imperative: Help your friend with the project.

Rule (2) You যুক্ত negative sentence কে Imperative করার নিয়ম= Do not/Never +মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত।

Example:

Assertive: You should not help your friend with the project.
Imperative: Do not help your friend with the project. 

Assertive: You must not touch that painting.
Imperative: Do not touch that painting.

Assertive: You should not speak during the exam.
Imperative: Do not speak during the exam.

Assertive: You must not interrupt others while they’re speaking.
Imperative: Do not interrupt others while they’re speaking.

Rule (3) You বাদে  ভিন্ন Subject যুক্ত Assertive sentence কে Imperative করার নিয়ম= Let+ Subject এর Object (Do not/Never)+মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত।

Example: 

1. Assertive: He should complete his homework by tonight.
   Imperative: Let him complete his homework by tonight.

2. Assertive: She must submit the report before noon.
   Imperative: Let her submit the report before noon.

3. Assertive: The teacher must explain the lesson clearly.
   Imperative: Let the teacher explain the lesson clearly.

4. Assertive: The children should not play outside when it’s raining.
   Imperative: Let the children not play outside when it’s raining.

5. Assertive: Mary should never ignore her health.
   Imperative: Let Mary never ignore her health.

6. Assertive: They should not argue during the presentation.
   Imperative: Let them not argue during the presentation.

7. Assertive: He should always respect others ‘ opinions.
   Imperative: Let him always respect others ‘ opinions.

Rule (4)When the sentence contains “need to” or “have to”, replace it with “do”.

যখন বাক্যে “need to” বা “have to” ব্যবহার করা হয়, তখন তা “do” দিয়ে প্রতিস্থাপন করতে হবে।

Example:

• Assertive: You need to complete the assignment by tomorrow.

• Imperative: Do complete the assignment by tomorrow.

Rule (5)When the sentence contains a “must” or “should”, replace it with “Do” or “Don’t” for a negative form.

যখন বাক্যে “must” বা “should” থাকে, তখন নেতিবাচক আকারে “Do” বা “Don’t” ব্যবহার করতে হবে।

Example:

• Assertive: You must wash your hands before eating.

• Imperative: Wash your hands before eating.

• Assertive: You should not waste your time.

• Imperative: Do not waste your time.

Rule (6)When expressing an order, use “Do not” for a negative form.

যখন কোনো নির্দেশনা দেওয়া হয়, তখন নেতিবাচক আকারে “Do not” ব্যবহার করতে হবে।

Example:

• Assertive: You should not touch the fragile items.

• Imperative: Do not touch the fragile items.

Rule (7)If the sentence is in the present perfect tense, change it to a direct command in the imperative.

যদি বাক্যটি present perfect tense এ থাকে, তবে তা সরাসরি imperative এ পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।

Example:

• Assertive: You have completed the task successfully.

• Imperative: Complete the task successfully.

Rule 8: (Order)

Assertive: Subject (2nd person) + should / must / ought to + verb + object + ext.

Imperative: Verb + object + ext. (যখন আদেশ বোঝায়)

•  Assertive: You must finish the work now.
• Imperative: Finish the work now.এখন কাজটা শেষ করো।

 Rule 9: (Request)

Assertive: Subject (2nd person) + should / must / ought to + verb + object + ext.

Imperative: Please / Kindly + verb + object + ext.(যখন অনুরোধ বোঝায়)

• Assertive: You should help the poor.
• Imperative: Please help the poor. দয়া করে গরিবদের সাহায্য করো।
•  Assertive: You must open the door.
• Imperative: Kindly open the door. অনুগ্রহ করে দরজাটা খোলো।

 Rule 10: (Negative Order)

Assertive: Subject (2nd person) + should not / must not + verb + object + ext.

Imperative: Do not + verb + object + ext. (যখন নিষেধ বোঝায়)

•  Assertive: You should not waste time.
• Imperative: Do not waste time. সময় নষ্ট করো না।
•  Assertive: You must not make noise.
• Imperative: Do not make noise. গোলমাল করো না।

Rule 11: (Never – Strong Prohibition)

Assertive: Subject (2nd person) + should never + verb + object + ext.

Imperative: Never + verb + object + ext. (যখন কখনোই না বোঝায়)

• Assertive: You should never tell a lie.
• Imperative: Never tell a lie. কখনো মিথ্যা বলো না।
•  Assertive: You should never run fast.
• Imperative: Never run fast. কখনো দ্রুত দৌড়িও না।

 Rule 12: (Let – for 1st or 3rd Person)

Assertive: Subject (1st/3rd person) + should / must / ought to + verb + object + ext.

Imperative: Let + object of subject + verb¹ + object + ext.(নিজে বা অন্যকে কিছু করতে বললে)

• Assertive: I should do the work.
• Imperative: Let me do the work.আমাকে কাজটা করতে দাও।
•  Assertive: He should help the poor.
• Imperative: Let him help the poor. তাকে গরিবদের সাহায্য করতে দাও।

 Rule 13: (Negative Let)

Assertive: Subject (1st/3rd person) + should not / must not + verb + object + ext.

Imperative: Let + object of subject + not + verb + object + ext.

• Assertive: We should not hate the poor.
• Imperative: Let us not hate the poor. আমরা যেন গরিবদের ঘৃণা না করি।

 Rule 14: (Never with Let)

Assertive: Subject (1st/3rd person) + should never + verb¹ + object + ext.

Imperative: Let + object of subject + never + verb + object + ext.

•  Assertive: We should never tell a lie.
• Imperative: Let us never tell a lie. আমরা যেন কখনো মিথ্যা না বলি।

Summary Table (At a Glance)

Assertive Form  =Imperative Form          

• You must work hard.= Work hard.  কঠোর পরিশ্রম করো।
• You should help others.= Please help others.  দয়া করে অন্যদের সাহায্য করো।
• You should not shout.= Do not shout. চিৎকার করো না।
• You should never lie.=   Never lie.   কখনো মিথ্যা বলো না।
• I should do it.  = Let me do it. আমাকে করতে দাও।
• We should not quarrel.=  Let us not quarrel.  আমরা যেন ঝগড়া না করি।
• We should never forget this.   =  Let us never forget this. আমরা যেন এটা কখনো না ভুলে যাই।

Assertive sentences into Exclamatory sentences

Rule(1) (A/an যুক্ত) assertive sentence = What a/an+adjective+noun+subject+verb+…….!    

Example:

1. Assertive: This is a very interesting book.
   Exclamatory: What an interesting book this is!

2. Assertive: He is a very hardworking student.
   Exclamatory: What a hardworking student he is!

3. Assertive: This is a very delicious cake.
   Exclamatory: What a delicious cake this is!

4. Assertive: They are very creative artists.
   Exclamatory: What creative artists they are!

Rule(2) (A/an বিহীন) Assertive Sentence= How +adjective+subject+verb+………! 

Example:

1. Assertive: The car is very fast.
   Exclamatory: How fast the car is!

2. Assertive: The child is very cute.
   Exclamatory: How cute the child is!

3. Assertive: The beach is very beautiful.
   Exclamatory: How beautiful the beach is!

4. Assertive: The teacher is very helpful.
   Exclamatory: How helpful the teacher is!

5. Assertive: The idea is very innovative.
   Exclamatory: How innovative the idea is!

6. Assertive: The house is very spacious.
   Exclamatory: How spacious the house is!

7. Assertive: The weather is very pleasant today.
   Exclamatory: How pleasant the weather is today!

Rule(3) Wish = If +wish এর পরের অংশ+!

Example:

1. Assertive: I wish I had a superpower.
   Exclamatory: If I had a superpower!

2. Assertive: I wish I could fly like an eagle.
   Exclamatory: If I could fly like an eagle!

3. Assertive: I wish I were the president of the country.
   Exclamatory: If I were the president of the country!

4. Assertive: I wish I could speak multiple languages.
   Exclamatory: If I could speak multiple languages!

5. Assertive: I wish I had a time machine.
   Exclamatory: If I had a time machine!

Rule(4) It is a matter of joy that= Hurray !+that এর পরের অংশ+!

Example:

1. Assertive: It is a matter of joy that she passed her exams.
   Exclamatory: Hurray! She passed her exams!

2. Assertive: It is a matter of joy that we are going on vacation.
   Exclamatory: Hurray! We are going on vacation!

3. Assertive: It is a matter of joy that we completed the project successfully.
   Exclamatory: Hurray! We completed the project successfully!

4. Assertive: It is a matter of joy that the weather is perfect for a picnic.
   Exclamatory: Hurray! The weather is perfect for a picnic!

5. Assertive: It is a matter of joy that we are celebrating our anniversary.
   Exclamatory: Hurray! We are celebrating our anniversary!

6. Assertive: It is a matter of joy that I finally got the job.
   Exclamatory: Hurray! I finally got the job!

7. Assertive: It is a matter of joy that the new movie is released today.
   Exclamatory: Hurray! The new movie is released today!

8. Assertive: It is a matter of joy that we found the missing keys.
   Exclamatory: Hurray! We found the missing keys!

Rule(5) It is a matter of sorrow that= Alas!+that এর পরের অংশ+! 

1. Assertive: It is a matter of sorrow that the world is facing environmental issues.
   Exclamatory: Alas! The world is facing environmental issues!

2. Assertive: It is a matter of sorrow that many people are suffering from hunger.
   Exclamatory: Alas!  Many people are suffering from hunger!

3. Assertive: It is a matter of sorrow that people are losing their homes in natural disasters.
   Exclamatory: Alas! People are losing their homes in natural disasters!

4. Assertive: It is a matter of sorrow that so many people live in poverty.
   Exclamatory: Alas! So many people live in poverty!

5. Assertive: It is a matter of sorrow that the education system is failing children in many parts of the world.
   Exclamatory: Alas! The education system is failing children in many parts of the world!

6. Assertive: It is a matter of sorrow that violence is increasing in society.
   Exclamatory: Alas! Violence is increasing in society!

7. Assertive: It is a matter of sorrow that so many forests are being cut down.
   Exclamatory: Alas! So many forests are being cut down!

8. Assertive: It is a matter of sorrow that so many people suffer from mental health issues.
   Exclamatory: Alas! So many people suffer from mental health issues!

9. Assertive: It is a matter of sorrow that corruption is rampant in many governments.
   Exclamatory: Alas! Corruption is rampant in many governments!

Rule(6)It is a matter of wonder that = wow!+ that এর পরের অংশ+!

Example:

1. Assertive: It is a matter of wonder that she finished the race in first place.
   Exclamatory: Wow! She finished the race in first place!

2. Assertive: It is a matter of wonder that they built such a tall skyscraper in just one year.
   Exclamatory: Wow! They built such a tall skyscraper in just one year!

3. Assertive: It is a matter of wonder that the magician performed such an incredible trick.
   Exclamatory: Wow! The magician performed such an incredible trick!

4. Assertive: It is a matter of wonder that she sang that song so beautifully.
   Exclamatory: Wow! She sang that song so beautifully!

5. Assertive: It is a matter of wonder that the artist painted such a magnificent masterpiece.
   Exclamatory: Wow! The artist painted such a magnificent masterpiece!

6. Assertive: It is a matter of wonder that he managed to win the competition without any prior experience.
   Exclamatory: Wow! He managed to win the competition without any prior experience!

7. Assertive: It is a matter of wonder that they were able to repair the ancient artifact so well.
   Exclamatory: Wow! They were able to repair the ancient artifact so well!

8. Assertive: It is a matter of wonder that the chef prepared such a delicious feast.
   Exclamatory: Wow! The chef prepared such a delicious feast!

Rule(7) For negative statements that express shock or disbelief, use “How” or “What” with a negative adjective.

যখন নেতিবাচক বাক্য ব্যবহৃত হয় এবং অবাক হওয়া বা বিশ্বাস না হওয়ার অনুভূতি প্রকাশ করতে হয়, তখন “How” বা “What” দিয়ে নেতিবাচক বিশেষণ ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

Example:

• Assertive: The situation is not good.

• Exclamatory: How bad the situation is!

Rule(8) To express awe or admiration for a large quantity, use “What” or “How” followed by a noun and an adjective.

যখন কোনো বিশাল পরিমাণ বা কিছুতে বিস্ময় প্রকাশ করতে হয়, তখন “What” বা “How” দিয়ে বিশেষ্য এবং বিশেষণ ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

Example:

• Assertive: They have a lot of books.

• Exclamatory: What a lot of books they have!

 Rule 9: “a very / a great / a fine / a most” → What + a/an + adjective + noun + sub + verb!

(যখন বাক্যে “a very / a great / a fine” ইত্যাদি থাকে, তখন “What” দিয়ে শুরু হয়।)

 Assertive: It is a very beautiful garden.

Exclamatory: What a beautiful garden it is! কী সুন্দর একটা বাগান এটি!

 Assertive: It is a very fine morning.

Exclamatory: What a fine morning it is!  কী চমৎকার সকাল এটা!

Assertive: It was a most exciting match.

Exclamatory: What an exciting match it was! কী দারুণ এক ম্যাচ ছিল!

 Rule 10: “very / great / so / fine” → How + adjective + sub + verb!

(যখন বাক্যে “very” বা “so” থাকে, তখন “How” দিয়ে শুরু হয়।)

 Assertive: It is very sweet of you.

Exclamatory: How sweet of you it is! তুমি কত মিষ্টি স্বভাবের!

 Assertive: The sky looks very beautiful.

Exclamatory: How beautiful the sky looks! আকাশটা কত সুন্দর দেখাচ্ছে!

 Assertive: It is so hot today.

Exclamatory: How hot it is today!আজ কত গরম!

Rule 11: “I wish” → If / Would that / Had / O that

(যখন কোনো ইচ্ছা বা আফসোস বোঝায়, তখন “If” বা “Would that” ব্যবহৃত হয়।)

 Assertive: I wish I were a king.

Exclamatory: Would that I were a king! হায়! যদি আমি রাজা হতাম!

 Assertive: I wish I had a car.

Exclamatory: O that I had a car! আহা! যদি আমার একটা গাড়ি থাকত!

 Rule 12: “It is a matter of joy/pleasure/sorrow/shame that…”

 (Joy or Pleasure → Hurrah!)

 Assertive: It is a matter of joy that our team has won the match.

Exclamatory: Hurrah! Our team has won the match! বাহ! আমাদের দল ম্যাচে জিতেছে!

 (Sorrow or Regret → Alas!)

Assertive: It is a matter of sorrow that he has failed in the exam.

Exclamatory: Alas! He has failed in the exam!  হায়! সে পরীক্ষায় অকৃতকার্য হয়েছে!

 (Shame → Fie!)

1 Assertive: It is shameful that he tells lies.

Exclamatory: Fie! He tells lies! ছি! সে মিথ্যা বলে!

 Summary Table (At a Glance)

• It is a very fine day.  =What a fine day it is!  কী সুন্দর দিন এটা!
• It is very cold today. =How cold it is today!    আজ কত ঠান্ডা!
• I wish I were rich.  = Would that I were rich!  হায়! যদি আমি ধনী হতাম!
• It is a matter of joy that we are safe. =Hurrah! We are safe!  বাহ! আমরা নিরাপদে আছি!
• It is a matter of sorrow that he is dead.  = Alas! He is dead!  হায়! সে মারা গেছে!
• It is shameful that they cheat others.   =Fie! They cheat others!  ছি! তারা অন্যদের ঠকায়!

Exclamatory to Assertive

Rule(1) What a/an যুক্ত exclamatory Sentence =  শেষের Subject+ verb+ a+ very+adjective+ noun.

Example:

1. Exclamatory: What an amazing performance she gave!
   Assertive: She gave a very amazing performance.

2. Exclamatory: What a delicious cake this is!
   Assertive: This is a very delicious cake.

3. Exclamatory: What an incredible view it is!
   Assertive: It is a very incredible view.

4. Exclamatory: What a stunning painting that is!
   Assertive: That is a very stunning painting.

5. Exclamatory: What a wonderful idea he had!
   Assertive: He had a very wonderful idea.

6. Exclamatory: What an exciting adventure this is!
   Assertive: This is a very exciting adventure.

7. Exclamatory: What a fantastic meal we had!
   Assertive: We had a very fantastic meal.

8. Exclamatory: What a bright future she has!
   Assertive: She has a very bright future.

Rule(2) How +adjective যুক্ত exclamatory Sentence=  শেষের Subject+ verb+ very+adjective+ .

Example:

1. Exclamatory: How tall the building is!
   Assertive: The building is very tall.

2. Exclamatory: How bright the room is!
   Assertive: The room is very bright.

3. Exclamatory: How lovely her voice is!
   Assertive: Her voice is very lovely.

4. Exclamatory: How funny his joke is!
   Assertive: His joke is very funny.

5. Exclamatory: How fast the car is!
   Assertive: The car is very fast.

6. Exclamatory: How clever the student is!
   Assertive: The student is very clever.

7. Exclamatory: How exciting the movie is!
   Assertive: The movie is very exciting.

8. Exclamatory: How kind she is!
   Assertive: She is very kind.

Rule (3): “If + subject + verb” for expressing wishes or hypothetical situations.= Subject +wish + if/if only এর পরের অংশ। 

Exclamatory: If only I were a bird!
Assertive: I wish I were a bird.

Exclamatory: If I had a million dollars!
Assertive: I wish I had a million dollars.

Exclamatory: If I could travel the world!
Assertive: I wish I could travel the world.

Exclamatory: If I were famous!
Assertive: I wish I were famous.

Exclamatory: If I could speak multiple languages!
Assertive: I wish I could speak multiple languages.

Rule 4: What + a/an + adjective + noun + sub + verb → It is a very / a great /a most + adjective + noun

(যখন বাক্য “What” দিয়ে শুরু হয়, তখন “It is a very/a great” ব্যবহার করে Assertive করা হয়।)

 Exclamatory: What a beautiful garden it is!

Assertive: It is a very beautiful garden.  এটি একটি খুব সুন্দর বাগান।

 Exclamatory: What an exciting match it was!

Assertive: It was a very exciting match.  এটি একটি খুব উত্তেজনাপূর্ণ ম্যাচ ছিল।

 Exclamatory: What a fine day it is!

Assertive: It is a very fine day.  এটি একটি খুব সুন্দর দিন।

Rule 5: How + adjective + sub + verb..! → It is very / so / great + adjective

(যখন বাক্য “How” দিয়ে শুরু হয়, তখন “It is very” ব্যবহার করে Assertive করা হয়।)

 Exclamatory: How sweet of you it is!

Assertive: It is very sweet of you.  তুমি খুবই মিষ্টি স্বভাবের।

 Exclamatory: How beautiful the sky looks!

Assertive: The sky looks very beautiful.  আকাশটি খুব সুন্দর দেখাচ্ছে।

 Exclamatory: How hot it is today!

Assertive: It is very hot today. আজ খুব গরম।

 Rule 6: If / Would that / Had / O that → I wish

(যখন ইচ্ছা বা আফসোস বোঝাতে “Would that / O that” থাকে, তখন “I wish” ব্যবহৃত হয়।)

Exclamatory: Would that I were a king!

Assertive: I wish I were a king.  আমি ইচ্ছা করি, যদি আমি রাজা হতাম।

Exclamatory: O that I had a car!

Assertive: I wish I had a car.  আমি ইচ্ছা করি, যদি আমার একটি গাড়ি থাকত।

Rule 7: Hurrah! / Alas! / Fie! → It is a matter of joy/sorrow/shame that

(“Hurrah!” আনন্দ বোঝায়, “Alas!” দুঃখ বোঝায়, “Fie!” লজ্জা বোঝায়।)

•  Exclamatory: Alas! He has failed in the exam!
• Assertive: It is a matter of sorrow that he has failed in the exam.  এটা দুঃখের বিষয় যে সে পরীক্ষায় ফেল করেছে।
•  Exclamatory: Fie! He tells lies!
• Assertive: It is shameful that he tells lies. এটা লজ্জার বিষয় যে সে মিথ্যা বলে।

 Summary Table (At a Glance)

Exclamatory Sentence  to  Assertive Sentence          

• What a nice flower it is!= It is a very nice flower. এটি একটি খুব সুন্দর ফুল।
• How cold it is today! =      It is very cold today. আজ খুব ঠান্ডা।
• Would that I were rich!=  I wish I were rich.  আমি ইচ্ছা করি, যদি আমি ধনী হতাম।
• Hurrah! We are safe!=  It is a matter of joy that we are safe.   এটা আনন্দের বিষয় যে আমরা নিরাপদে আছি।
• Alas! He is dead! =  It is a matter of sorrow that he is dead.   এটা দুঃখের বিষয় যে সে মারা গেছে।
• Fie! They cheat others!=  It is shameful that they cheat others.  এটা লজ্জার বিষয় যে তারা অন্যদের ঠকায়।

 Assertive to Optative and Vice Versa

Rule 1: Use “May” or “Wish” before the subject

➡ It expresses prayer, blessing, or hope.

Assertive: He will succeed in life. (সে জীবনে সফল হবে।)

Optative: May he succeed in life! (সে জীবনে সফল হোক!)

 Rule 2: Remove helping verbs like will, shall, can when “May” is used

Assertive: She will recover soon. (সে শিগগির সেরে উঠবে।)

Optative: May she recover soon! (সে শিগগির সেরে উঠুক!)

Rule 3: Use “May not” to express negative wishes

Assertive: He should not face failure. (তার ব্যর্থতার মুখোমুখি হওয়া উচিত নয়।)

Optative: May he not face failure! (সে যেন ব্যর্থ না হয়!)

Rule 4: For universal wishes or hopes, start with “May there be”

Assertive: We want peace in the world. (আমরা পৃথিবীতে শান্তি চাই।)

Optative: May there be peace in the world! (পৃথিবীতে শান্তি বিরাজ করুক!)

 Rule 5: For blessings and prayers, use “May God”

Assertive: God will bless you. (ঈশ্বর তোমাকে আশীর্বাদ করবেন।)

Optative: May God bless you! (ঈশ্বর তোমাকে আশীর্বাদ করুন!)

 Optative to Assertive Transformation

 Rule 1: Remove “May” or “Wish”

 Rule 2: Use future form (will/shall) or hopeful phrase (“I hope”, “I wish”)

Optative: May he succeed in life! (সে জীবনে সফল হোক!)

Assertive: He will succeed in life. (সে জীবনে সফল হবে।)

Optative: May you recover soon! (তুমি শিগগির সেরে ওঠো!)

Assertive: I hope you will recover soon. (আমি আশা করি তুমি শিগগির সেরে উঠবে।)

Optative: Wish you a happy life! (তোমার সুখী জীবন কামনা করি!)

Assertive: I hope you have a happy life. (আমি আশা করি তোমার জীবন সুখে কাটবে।)

 Examples (Assertive  to Optative)

1. He will succeed in life. → May he succeed in life!

(সে জীবনে সফল হবে। → সে জীবনে সফল হোক!)

2. You will live a long life. → May you live a long life!

(তুমি দীর্ঘজীবী হবে। → তুমি দীর্ঘজীবী হও!)

3. She will achieve her dream. → May she achieve her dream!

(সে তার স্বপ্ন পূরণ করবে। → সে তার স্বপ্ন পূরণ করুক!)

4. They will prosper in business. → May they prosper in business!

(তারা ব্যবসায় সফল হবে। → তারা ব্যবসায় সফল হোক!)

5. Peace will prevail in the world. → May peace prevail in the world!

(পৃথিবীতে শান্তি প্রতিষ্ঠিত হবে। → পৃথিবীতে শান্তি প্রতিষ্ঠিত হোক!)

6. He will never face defeat. → May he never face defeat!

(সে কখনো পরাজয় বরণ করবে না। → সে যেন কখনো পরাজিত না হয়!)

7. The sun will shine brightly tomorrow. → May the sun shine brightly tomorrow!

(সূর্য আগামীকাল উজ্জ্বলভাবে উঠবে। → সূর্য আগামীকাল উজ্জ্বলভাবে উঠুক!)

8. You will find true happiness. → May you find true happiness!

(তুমি প্রকৃত সুখ খুঁজে পাবে। → তুমি প্রকৃত সুখ খুঁজে পাও!)

9. He will be remembered for his kindness. → May he be remembered for his kindness!

(সে তার দয়ার জন্য স্মরণীয় হবে। → সে যেন তার দয়ার জন্য স্মরণীয় হয়!)

10. Your dreams will come true. → May your dreams come true!

(তোমার স্বপ্ন পূরণ হবে। → তোমার স্বপ্ন পূরণ হোক!)

 Examples (Optative to Assertive)

1. May you live a long and happy life! → You will live a long and happy life.

(তুমি দীর্ঘ ও সুখী জীবন যাপন করবে।)

2. May he succeed in his career! → He will succeed in his career.

(সে তার কর্মজীবনে সফল হবে।)

3. May she achieve her dreams! → She will achieve her dreams.

(সে তার স্বপ্ন পূরণ করবে।)

4. May peace prevail on Earth! → Peace will prevail on Earth.

(পৃথিবীতে শান্তি প্রতিষ্ঠিত হবে।)

5. May you always stay healthy! → You will always stay healthy.

(তুমি সবসময় সুস্থ থাকবে।)

6. May they find happiness! → They will find happiness.

(তারা সুখ খুঁজে পাবে।)

7. May your wishes come true! → Your wishes will come true.

(তোমার ইচ্ছাগুলো পূরণ হবে।)

8. May the nation prosper! → The nation will prosper.

(জাতি উন্নতি করবে।)

9. May she remain kind-hearted! → She will remain kind-hearted.

(সে দয়ালু থাকবে।)

10. May you always find courage! → You will always find courage.

(তুমি সবসময় সাহস পাবে।)

Remember

1. Use “May” for wishes and “May not” for negative wishes.
2. Don’t change the meaning — only the tone of fact → wish or wish → fact.
3. Always end optative sentences with an exclamation mark (!).

 Practice Exercises

Change the following Assertive sentences into Optative ones:

1. He will get success.
2. You will live long.
3. They will win the match.
4. She will recover soon.
5. The country will prosper.

 Change the following Optative sentences into Assertive ones:

1. May the new year bring joy!
2. May he be honest!
3. May your hard work pay off!
4. May you have peace of mind!
5. May she inspire others!

Quick Summary Table

Type      Formula               Example               Bangla Meaning

Assertive → Optative      May + Subject + Verb + …            May he succeed in life!  সে জীবনে সফল হোক।

Negative Optative            May + Subject + not + Verb + …  May he not fail! সে যেন ব্যর্থ না হয়।

Optative → Assertive      Subject + will/shall + Verb + …    He will succeed in life.    সে জীবনে সফল হবে।

Practice for Affirmative to Negative

Change Affirmative Sentences to Negative Sentences

1. She was very kind to the needy and the ill-fated.= She was not unkind to the poor and unfortunate people.
2. He was very careful about his job.= He was not careless in doing his duties.
3. I was very glad.= I was not unhappy at all.
4. We are grateful to the freedom fighters.= We are not ungrateful to the heroes of our liberation.
5. At first glance, the questions may seem difficult.=At first glance, the questions may not appear easy.
6. Being industrious, everyone can prosper in life.=Without hard work, no one can succeed in life.
7. They give us both knowledge and pleasure.= They give us not only learning but also joy.
8. The market was far from his house.= The market was not close to his home.
9. Everybody avoids a corrupt man.= There is nobody who does not avoid a dishonest person.
10. A life with an assignment is an actual life.= A life without a goal is not a real life.
11. He is the best teacher in our area.= No other teacher in our area is as good as him.
12. He was the second of his father’s five sons.=None but he was the second among his father’s five sons.
13. The village people were quarrelsome.=The villagers were not peace-loving.
14. Nowadays, every family has a television set.=Nowadays, there is no family without a TV set.
15. Bangladesh is in the active earthquake zone.= Bangladesh is not in the inactive earthquake zone.
16. Everybody must take care of his health all the time.= Everybody cannot but look after his health always.
17. He also thought that his society was unable to appreciate his intellect.= He also believed that his community was not able to value his intelligence.
18. I was very happy to receive you.= I was not unhappy to welcome you.
19. He was unmarried.= He was not married.
20. But most of our students are inattentive to their studies.=But most of our students are not attentive to their lessons.
21. He is always on time.= He is never late.
22. James runs faster than Peter.=Peter does not run as fast as James.
23. This medicine is cheap.= This medicine is not expensive.
24. Iron is a heavy metal.=Iron is not a light metal.
25. Only they can do the work.= None but they can complete the task.
26. You must yield to your fate.=You cannot but submit to your destiny.
27. You must care them.= You cannot but take care of them.
28. Everyone hates a terrorist.= There is no one but hates a terrorist.
29. He is a good man.= He is not a bad man.
30. I always speak the truth.= I never tell lies.
31. He is very attentive to his studies.= He is not inattentive to his lessons.
32. We must read books to gain knowledge.= We cannot but study books to gain wisdom.
33. Trees are our best friends.= No other friends are as good as trees.
34. It keeps our body fit for working.= It does not make our body unfit for work.
35. The river is very turbulent.=The river is not calm at all.
36. Everyone runs after money.= There is no one who does not run after money.
37. Your sister alone did this work.= None but your sister completed this work.
38. The youth like only entertainment.= The youth like nothing except amusement.
39. Every man has a dream.= There is no man who has no dream.
40. The child is too small to reach the shelf.= The child is so small that he cannot reach the shelf.
41. I am always right.= I am never wrong.
42. Tagore is the greatest poet in Bangladesh.= No other poet in Bangladesh is as great as Tagore.
43. They must respect their elders.= They cannot but respect their elders.
44. My brother is only five.= My brother is not more than five.
45. He drinks only milk at night.= He drinks nothing except milk at night.
46. We must accept our destiny.= We cannot help accepting our destiny.
47. As soon as the teacher entered, the students stood up.= No sooner had the teacher entered than the students stood up.
48. He is as clever as his cousin.= He is not less clever than his cousin.
49. He is less lazy than I thought.= He is not as lazy as I thought.
50. The boy was too weak to move the box.= The boy was so weak that he could not move the box.
51. They should admit their fault.= They should not deny their fault.
52. Hasan is less brilliant than Karim.= Hasan is not as brilliant as Karim.
53. Dhaka is bigger than any other city in our country.= No other city in our country is as big as Dhaka.
54. India is larger than Nepal.= Nepal is not as large as India.
55. She is as beautiful as her sister.= She is not less beautiful than her sister.
56. You always disagreed with me.= You never agreed with me.
57. He is taller than me.= I am not as tall as he is.
58. People of Bangladesh will always honour the martyrs.= People of Bangladesh will never forget the martyrs.
59. As soon as the bell rang, the students entered the class.= No sooner had the bell rung than the students entered the class.
60. Everybody trusted his honesty.= Nobody doubted his honesty.
61. He attended the first class yesterday.= He did not miss the first class yesterday.
62. They were sure of his honesty.= They were not doubtful of his honesty.
63. The boy is suitable for the job.= The boy is not unsuitable for the job.
64. Every river has waves.= There is no river that has no waves.
65. Every patriot loves his country.= There is no patriot who hates his country.
66. He is as talented as we expected.= He is not less talented than we expected.
67. There is a little water in the jar.= There is not much water in the jar.
68. Rafi and Suman can swim.= Not only Rafi but also Suman can swim.
69. Nijhum is a brilliant learner.= Nijhum is not a dull learner.
70. Farzana has much experience.= Farzana has not a little experience.
71. We are encouraged to complete the task.= We are not discouraged to complete the task.
72. Rahman can speak Bengali and English.= Rahman can speak not only Bengali but also English.
73. Jeba was too weak to stand up.= Jeba was so weak that she could not stand up.
74. The soup was too hot to eat.= The soup was so hot that it could not be eaten.
75. Rina is wiser than her classmates.= Rina’s classmates are not as wise as she is.
76. Ice floats on water.= Ice does not sink in water.
77. Everybody hates him.= There is nobody who loves him.
78. Almost everyone loves coffee.= There is hardly anyone who does not love coffee.
79. Anger produces only bad results.=Anger produces nothing but bad results.
80. Ants live together.= Ants do not live alone.
81. Everyone wants friends.= Nobody wants enemies.
82. A careful man lives a happy life.=A careful man does not live an unhappy life.
83. The parks are full of people.= The parks are not empty.
84. The sailors were very angry with him.=The sailors were not pleased with him.
85. Everyone knows about the Royal Bengal Tiger.=There is no one who does not know about the Royal Bengal Tiger.
86. His wife, Catherine, loves cooking.= His wife, Catherine, does not hate cooking.
87. Books are our best friends.=No other friend is as good as books.
88. A life with duty is a true life.= A life without duty is not a true life.
89. Corruption is a harmful and evil act.= Corruption is not a good or moral act.
90. The reasons for traffic jams are many.= The reasons for traffic jams are not few.
91. Most drivers in our country are illiterate.= Most drivers in our country are not educated.

Practice for  Negative to Affirmative

1. He didn’t marry.= He remained single.
2. Their contribution will never be forgotten.=Their contribution will always be remembered.
3. It is not an easy thing.= It is a difficult task.
4. Nothing but books can remove the darkness of ignorance.=Only books can remove the darkness of ignorance.
5. One day he could not but go to a market.= One day he had to visit the market.
6. Nobody believes a liar.=Everybody disbelieves a liar.
7. He leaves no stone unturned to teach them morality.= He tries every possible way to teach them moral values.
8. He cannot remain sitting in the class.= He stays active and attentive in the class.
9. He could not climb up a tree.= He was unable to climb a tree.
10. So, everybody cannot but be conscious of his/her health.= So, everybody must be careful about their health.
11. Isn’t it the symbol of love and beauty?= It is indeed the symbol of love and beauty.
12. Again, he believed that none but the West could be more receptive to his creative genius.= Again, he believed that only the West could truly value his creativity.
13. Anger is nothing but a vice.= Anger is simply a vice.
14. Haji Mohammad Muhsin was not an unkind man at all.= Haji Mohammad Muhsin was a very kind-hearted man.
15. He is not a dishonest man.=He is an honest person.
16. Never disobey your teachers.= Always obey your teachers.
17. She is not a hard-working girl.= She is a lazy girl.
18. Raju does not run slowly.= Raju runs fast.
19. Asha is not more than ten years old.= Asha is only ten years old.
20. Ranu is never late.=Ranu is always punctual.
21. A football match without competition is not enjoyable.=A football match without competition is dull.
22. You cannot but obey your parents.= You must obey your parents.
23. Sani is not as small as Fahad.=Sani is bigger than Fahad.
24. He is so weak that he cannot do the work.= He is too weak to do the work.
25. There is no mother but loves her child.= Every mother loves her child.
26. None but Allah can help us.= Only Allah can help us.
27. Not only Noman but also Riad can do it.= Both Noman and Riad can do it.
28. He is never late to go to school.= He is always on time for school.
29. Without reading books, we cannot enrich our minds.= By reading books, we can enrich our minds.
30. I cannot help doing this.= I must do this.
31. Shafiq was never lazy.= Shafiq was always active.
32. The teacher did not see many learners in the room.=The teacher saw only a few learners in the room.
33. No sooner had the police arrived than the crowd ran away.=As soon as the police arrived, the crowd ran away.
34. You cannot but accept your fate.= You must accept your fate.
35. My father never argued with me.= My father always agreed with me.
36. Jerry was not dishonest.=Jerry was honest.
37. We were not careless in our studies.=We were careful in our studies.
38. No one will dislike my idea.= Everyone will like my idea.
39. It was not an ordinary boat.=It was an extraordinary boat.
40. Nobody disbelieves in God.= Everybody believes in God.
41. I shall never forget his words.= I shall always remember his words.
42. None but the rich can buy this car.= Only the rich can buy this car.
43. Never disobey your elders.=Always obey your elders.
44. We never forget their kindness.= We always remember their kindness.

Practice for  Assertive Sentences to Interrogative Sentences

Assertive Sentences → Interrogative Sentences

1. Mother Teresa is an icon to many people.= Isn’t Mother Teresa considered an inspiration by countless people?
2. He inherited a vast property from his father and sister.=Didn’t he receive a large estate from his father and sister?
3. We got our independence for their sacrifice.= Didn’t we achieve our freedom because of their sacrifice?
4. The books of great writers contain noble thoughts and great ideas.= Don’t the works of great authors include wise thoughts and brilliant ideas?
5. There was an old man in a village.= Wasn’t there an elderly man living in that village?
6. Science and technology have made our life easy and comfortable.= Haven’t science and technology made our lives easier and more comfortable?
7. They were talking about their love for each other.=Weren’t they speaking about how much they loved each other?
8. He was only 13 years old when his father died.= Wasn’t he just 13 when his father passed away?
9. Nobody respects him.= Does anyone show him any respect?
10. One can’t be successful without it.= Can anyone succeed without it?
11. He lived with his family and worked on a farm.=Didn’t he stay with his family and work on a farm?
12. Bangladesh is a low-lying country.= Isn’t Bangladesh a low-lying country?
13. He can succeed in life.=Can’t he achieve success in life?
14. A flower is a glowing gift of nature.= Isn’t a flower a beautiful blessing from nature?
15. He thought that he was born on the wrong side of the planet.= Didn’t he believe he was born in the wrong part of the world?
16. We were talking about him.=Weren’t we discussing him?
17. Wasting time is harmful for them.= Isn’t wasting time bad for them?
18. They have visited the national museum.= Haven’t they gone to the national museum?
19. He goes to school regularly.= Doesn’t he attend school regularly?
20. We should never look down upon the poor.= Should we ever look down on the poor?
21. A book delights us.= Doesn’t a book make us happy?
22. They are a great source of food and vitamins.= Aren’t they an important source of nutrition and vitamins?
23. Something is better than nothing.=Isn’t something always better than nothing?
24. Everybody knows this.=Who doesn’t know this?
25. He lived with his family.= Didn’t he live with his family?
26. Everybody likes flowers.= Who doesn’t love flowers?
27. My friend invited me to pay a visit to Cox’s Bazar.= Didn’t my friend invite me to visit Cox’s Bazar?
28. He is a great fool. → Isn’t he a great fool? 
29. Prevention is better than cure. → Isn’t prevention better than cure? 
30. He was drinking tea. → Wasn’t he drinking tea? 
31. I like white shirts. → Don’t I like white shirts? 
32. They would not drink the polluted water. → Would they drink the polluted water? 
33. He went to help the patient. → Didn’t he go to help the patient? 
34. He does not make a noise in the class. → Does he make a noise in the class? 
35. Rahim works in this office. → Doesn’t Rahim work in this office? 
36. He did not say this. → Did he say this? 
37. The flower tickled my nostrils. → Didn’t the flower tickle my nostrils? 
38. She liked the late spring. → Didn’t she like the late spring? 
39. They play football regularly. → Don’t they play football regularly? 
40. We never do this. → Do we ever do this? 
41. There was nothing to say. → Was there anything to say? 
42. He never tells a lie. → Does he ever tell a lie? 
43. Everybody wishes to get the prize. → Who does not wish to get the prize? 
44. All love the girl. → Who does not love the girl? 
45. Nobody could ever judge it. → Who could ever judge it? 
46. No one can do this. → Who can do this? 
47. None can go there. → Who can go there? 
48. I never went to Cox’s Bazar. → Did I ever go to Cox’s Bazar? 
49. Every mother loves her baby. → Which mother does not love her baby? 
50. Every citizen has some basic rights. → Doesn’t every citizen have some basic rights? 
51. Every man must die. → Mustn’t every man die? 
52. Everything was done perfectly. → Wasn’t everything done perfectly? 
53. All respect an educated man. → Who does not respect an educated man? 
54. Nothing is impossible. → Is anything impossible? 
55. I didn’t buy anything from the market. → Did I buy anything from the market? 
56. We ought to obey our parents. → Oughtn’t we to obey our parents? 
57. You need to go to a doctor. → Don’t you need to go to a doctor? 
58. He needs my help. → Doesn’t he need my help? 
59. I need to buy a dictionary. → Don’t I need to buy a dictionary? 
60. There is no hope left for me. → Is there any hope left for me? 
61. I shall never forget your contribution. → Shall I ever forget your contribution? 
62. None can deny his role in our independence. → Who can deny his role in our independence? 
63. He did it accordingly. → Didn’t he do it accordingly? 
64. He has to obey the rules. → Doesn’t he have to obey the rules? 
65. They had to join the war. → Didn’t they have to join the war? 
66. Nothing can save you from this danger. → Can anything save you from this danger? 
67. Everybody respects him for his honesty. → Who does not respect him for his honesty? 
68. Nobody denies their contribution to their motherland. → Does anybody deny their contribution to their motherland? 
69. You cannot be happy without it. → Can you be happy without it? 
70. Most of the people in our country are living in rural areas. → Aren’t most of the people in our country living in rural areas? 
71. Every day many people go to Cox’s Bazar. → Don’t many people go to Cox’s Bazar every day? 

Practice for  Interrogative Sentences to Assertive Sentences

 Interrogative Sentences → Assertive Sentences

1. Who does not know about the charity of Mother Teresa?=Everyone knows about Mother Teresa’s charitable works.
2. Who does not want to succeed in life?= Everybody desires success in life.
3. Is there anybody who does not want to succeed in life?= All people wish to be successful in life.
4. Who does not know the consequence of Tsunami?= Everyone is aware of the devastating effects of a tsunami.
5. Who loves them then?= No one loves them at that time.
6. Who does not like a book?= Everybody enjoys reading a book.
7. Don’t you know about e-books?= You know about e-books.
8. Who does not want to be happy in life?= Everyone wants to live happily.
9. Who does not love him very much?= Everyone loves him deeply.
10. Isn’t this a reward in itself?= This is a reward by itself.
11. Did I ever ask you to do it?= I never asked you to do it.
12. Is there any sense in doing that?= There is no point in doing that.
13. Who does not know the vulture?= Everyone knows what a vulture is.
14. Can you gather grapes from thorns?= You cannot collect grapes from thorns.
15. Can’t you do the work?= You can do the work.
16. Who can beat him?= No one can defeat him.
17. Who doesn’t love flowers?= Everyone loves flowers.
18. Can their glory ever fade?= Their glory will never fade.
19. Isn’t it likely to rain today?= It is likely to rain today.
20. Shouldn’t we respect our betters?= We should respect our elders and superiors.

Practice for Assertive Sentences to Imperative Sentences

Change the following Assertive Sentences to Imperative Sentences

1. You should not do it. = Avoid doing that.
2. You must complete the task. = Finish the work immediately.
3. You are requested to help Toma. = Kindly assist Toma.
4. I must go out. = Allow me to step outside.
5. He should solve the math. = Let him work out the math problem.
6. You should never lose hope.=Never give up hope.
7. You should never support corruption. = Stand firmly against corruption.
8. We should not laugh at the poor. = Let us not mock the needy.
9. Apon does not run in the sun. = Do not let Apon run under the sun.
10. They request you to come timely. = Please arrive on time.

 Change the following Imperative Sentences to Assertive Sentences

1. Follow the health rules. = You are advised to follow health guidelines.
2. Don’t do that. = You are not supposed to do that.
3. Let us help the poor. =We should come forward to support the poor.
4. Come here please. = You are politely requested to come here.
5. Don’t disrespect your superiors.  You must not show disrespect to your elders.
6. Always speak the truth. = You are expected to always tell the truth.
7. Let her sing a song. = She should be allowed to sing a song.
8. Let not Kamal waste time. = Kamal should not spend time idly.
9. Never share your pain. =You should keep your pain to yourself.
10. Come to my place, please. = You are warmly requested to visit my home.

Practice for  Assertive Sentences into Exclamatory Sentences

 Change the following Assertive Sentences into Exclamatory Sentences 

1. She was a very kind-hearted lady. ⇒ What a kind-hearted lady she was!
2. I felt very thrilled to visit the seaside. ⇒ How thrilled I felt to visit the seaside!
3. It is truly wise. ⇒ How wise it is!
4. A lazy person lives a very miserable life. ⇒ What a miserable life a lazy person lives!
5. Certain books are really interesting. ⇒ How interesting certain books are!
6. Reading is a very good practice.⇒ What a good practice reading is!
7. He feels very delighted when his students do well in public exams. ⇒ How delighted he feels when his students do well in public exams!
8. This novel earned him great fame and popularity. ⇒ What great fame and popularity this novel earned him!
9. A dishonest person lives a very unhappy life. ⇒ What an unhappy life a dishonest person lives!
10. A successful person remains very cheerful.⇒ How cheerful a successful person remains!
11. The last storm was extremely destructive. ⇒ How destructive the last storm was!
12. They are deeply worried about the amount of food. ⇒ How worried they are about the amount of food!
13. The lily is a very lovely flower. ⇒ What a lovely flower the lily is!
14. Rabindranath Tagore was a very famous poet. ⇒ What a famous poet Rabindranath Tagore was!
15. I wish I could support the poor. ⇒ If only I could support the poor!
16. It is a very precious object. ⇒ What a precious object it is!
17. Sound health is very precious. ⇒ How precious sound health is!
18. It takes a terrible form during the rainy days. ⇒ What a terrible form it takes during the rainy days!
19. Football is a very thrilling sport. ⇒ What a thrilling sport football is!
20. It is a very charming flower. ⇒ What a charming flower it is!
21. The bee is a very hardworking insect. ⇒ What a hardworking insect the bee is!
22. I wish I were an angel. ⇒ If only I were an angel!
23. I wish I could touch the sky. ⇒ If only I could touch the sky!
24. The picture is very beautiful.⇒ How beautiful the picture is!
25. You are a great fool indeed. ⇒ What a fool you are indeed!
26. It gives us joy that we have won the match. ⇒ Hurrah! We have won the match!
27. It brings me sadness that I have failed. ⇒ Alas! I have failed!
28. It is a very colorful flower. ⇒ What a colorful flower it is!
29. I wish I were a queen. ⇒ If only I were a queen!
30. The park looks very attractive. ⇒ How attractive the park looks!
31. I wish I could fly in the sky. ⇒ O that I could fly in the sky!
32. It is shameful that he does not obey his teachers. ⇒ Fie! He does not obey his teachers.
33. He is a great fool. ⇒ What a fool he is!
34. The heat was very terrible. ⇒ How terrible the heat was!
35. The girl sings very sweetly. ⇒ How sweetly the girl sings!
36. I wish I could go there in time. ⇒ O that I could go there in time!
37. It is a matter of great sorrow that the child has lost its mother. ⇒ Alas! The child has lost its mother!
38. The Padma is a very big river. ⇒ What a big river the Padma is!
39. A little learning is a very dangerous thing. ⇒ What a dangerous thing a little learning is!
40. The Pied Piper looked very strange. ⇒ How strange the Pied Piper looked!
41. It is a matter of regret that man forgets so soon. ⇒ Alas! Man forgets so soon.
42. I wish I had a million dollars. ⇒ O that I had a million dollars!
43. I have got a very nice gift. ⇒ What a nice gift I have got!
44. We rejoice that our team has been the champion. ⇒ Hurrah! Our team has been the champion!
45. The Pied Piper played a very strange tune. ⇒ What a strange tune the Pied Piper played!
46. It is a matter of shame that you stole the pen. ⇒ Fie! You stole the pen!
47. I wish I could get a GPA of 5.00. ⇒ Would that I could get a GPA of 5.00!
48. He leads a very miserable life. ⇒ What a miserable life he leads!
49. The days in Darjeeling were very charming. ⇒ How charming the days in Darjeeling were!
50. Cricket is a very exciting game. ⇒ What an exciting game cricket is!
51. It was a very unlucky day. ⇒ What an unlucky day it was!
52. I wish my father were alive. ⇒ If my father were alive!

Change the following Exclamatory Sentences into Assertive Sentences 

1. If only I could see the sea! ⇒ I wish I could see the sea.
2. How poor the beggar was! ⇒ The beggar was very poor.
3. How delighted I feel today! ⇒ I feel very delighted today.
4. If only I could visit the great Taj Mahal!⇒ I wish I could visit the great Taj Mahal.
5. Would that I could become a famous cricketer! ⇒ I wish I could become a famous cricketer.
6. What an unkind nature you have! ⇒ You have a very unkind nature.
7. What a golden chance it is! ⇒ It is a golden chance.
8. How generous he is! ⇒ He is very generous.
9. What a joyful moment it is! ⇒ It is a joyful moment.
10. What a stunning view it was! ⇒ It was a stunning view.
11. How chilly the weather is today! ⇒ The weather is very chilly today.
12. How pleasant the morning is! ⇒ The morning is very pleasant.
13. Alas! I have missed the opportunity. ⇒ It is a matter of sorrow that I have missed the opportunity.
14. Hurrah! We have won the game! ⇒ It is a matter of joy that we have won the game.
15. Bravo! You have done well. ⇒ It is a matter of admiration that you have done well.
16. What a fortunate moment it is! ⇒ It is a very fortunate moment.
17. How lovely the bird looks! ⇒ The bird looks very lovely.
18. How quickly your plants grow! ⇒ Your plants grow very quickly.
19. Fie! You have cheated again. ⇒ It is a matter of shame that you have cheated again.
20. What a beautiful pen this is! ⇒ It is a very beautiful pen.
21. How sweetly the cuckoo sings! ⇒ The cuckoo sings very sweetly.
22. How talkative she is! ⇒ She is very talkative.
23. What a lovely place it is! ⇒ It is a very lovely place.
24. If I were a millionaire!⇒ I wish I were a millionaire.
25. O that I were a king! ⇒ I wish I were a king.
26. How gently the breeze blows! ⇒ The breeze blows very gently.
27. Alas! The king is dead. ⇒ It is a matter of great sorrow that the king is dead.
28. Fie! He does not look after his parents. ⇒ It is a matter of shame that he does not look after his parents.
29. How pretty the girl is! ⇒ The girl is very pretty.
30. Hurrah! We have won the game. ⇒ It is a matter of great joy that we have won the game.
31. If I were a philosopher like Socrates! ⇒ I wish I were a philosopher like Socrates.
32. Would that we could enter the house! ⇒ We wish we could enter the house.
33. Hurrah! We are victorious. ⇒ We rejoice that we are victorious.
34. How fortunate the man was! ⇒ The man was very fortunate.
35. What a noisy environment it is! ⇒ It is a very noisy environment.
36. What an exciting match we watched! ⇒ We watched a very exciting match.
37. Alas! He has lost his mother. ⇒ It is a matter of great sorrow that he has lost his mother.
38. Would that I could make things different! ⇒ I wish I could make things different.
39. How strange the boy is! ⇒ The boy is very strange.
40. How brilliant you are! ⇒ You are very brilliant.
41. If I had a camera! ⇒ I wish I had a camera.
42. What a pity! ⇒ It is a great pity.
43. Had I but a friend to support me! ⇒ I wish I had a friend to support me.
44. How fast her hair grows! ⇒ Her hair grows very fast.
45. How charming! ⇒ It is very charming.
46. How miserable his fate is! ⇒ His fate is very miserable.
47. What an unworthy crime the dowry is! ⇒ The dowry is a very unworthy crime.
48. What an enthusiasm the robot generated among the youth! ⇒ The robot generated a great enthusiasm among the youth.
49. How cruel the poachers are! ⇒ The poachers are very cruel.
50. How fast does time fly! ⇒ Time flies very fast.